1. Earth Science, 6e Edward J. Tarbuck & Frederick K. Lutgens

2. Minerals, What for?  Do we need Minerals?  Name a few things made of minerals: Example: Glass is made from…

3. Minerals: the building blocks of rocks  Definition of a mineral Natural Inorganic Solid Possess an orderly internal structure of atoms Have a definite chemical composition  Mineraloid - lacks an orderly internal structure

4. Minerals  Physical properties of minerals Crystal form Luster Color Streak Hardness versus Tenacity Cleavage (breaks evenly)

5. The mineral quartz often exhibits good crystal form

6. Pyrite (fool’s gold) displays metallic luster

7. Color, not reliable…

9. Three examples of perfect cleavage – fluorite, halite, and calcite

10. Conchoidal fracture

11. Minerals  Physical properties of minerals Fracture (breaks unevenly) Specific gravity (mineral heftiness) Other properties Taste Smell

12. Minerals  Physical properties of minerals Other properties Feel Magnetism Double Refraction Reaction to hydrochloric acid

13. Minerals  A few dozen minerals are called the rock- forming minerals (see page 35)  The eight elements that compose most rock- forming minerals are (see page 34)

15. Minerals  Silicates Minerals (see page 35) Most common mineral group (90% of minerals) Contain the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron Four oxygen atoms surrounding a much smaller silicon atom Combines with other atoms to form the various silicate structures

16. The silicate (SiO 4 ) -4 molecule

17. Common silicate minerals

18. Potassium feldspar

19. Minerals  Nonsilicate Minerals ( see page 36) Major groups Oxides Sulfides Sulfates Carbonates “Native” elements

20. Native Copper

21. Some common non-silicate minerals

22. An underground halite (salt) mine

23. The Bingham copper mine in Utah

24. End of Chapter 1

25. PRS Test on Minerals Please do not talk to your neighbor during the test. Thank you.

26. 1- This silicate (SiO 4 ) -4 molecule has a: 1 silicon 4 oxygen; or b:1 oxygen 4 silicon

27. 2 - Does this quartz mineral show a: Cleavage faces or b: Crystal form ?

28. 3 - What is the luster displayed by this mineral ? a: metallic; b: non metallic

29. 4 - Do these minerals have a: perfect cleavage; b: absence of cleavage

30. 5 - Does this mineral show a: good cleavage or b: conchoidal fracture?

31. 6 - What mineral is this? a: Calcite or b: Potassium Feldspar

32. 7 - What are the two minerals your fingernail can scratch? a.Calcite and Gypsum b.Gypsum and Talc c.Talc and Calcite

33. 8 - The most reliable way to identify a carbonate mineral is by a.Luster b.Hardness c.Streak d.Reaction to Hydrochloric Acid e.None of these

34. 9 - One of these minerals is a Sulfide a.Calcite (CaCO3) b.Quartz (SiO2) c.Gypsum (CaSO4.H2O) d.Pyrite (FeS2) e.None of the above

35. 10 - Which term does not define a mineral? a.Natural b.Solid c.Organic d.Definite crystalline structure e.Definite Chemical Composition

36. 11 - Which mineral has double refraction, hardness =3, and reacts with hydrochloric acid? a.Pyrite b.Galena c.Quartz d.Calcite e.None of these

37. THE END THAT’S ALL FOLKS! THANK YOU!!!