1. Gems

2. Gemstone: A precious or semi-precious stone. - usually a mineral Gem: A cut or polished gemstone. To be a gem a mineral must be: Rare beautiful Hard (> 7) Quality cut or polish

3. The person who cuts and polishes gems is called a lapidary.

4. Marcel Tolkowsky Creator of the Brilliant Cut

5. Gabi Tolkowsky

6. There are two basic cutting styles: 1.Cabochon 2.Faceted Cabochon: rounded surfaces Faceted: flat surfaces organized in a pattern

7. Cabochon Black star diopsid Amethyst Emerald

8. Faceted Emerald Cut Amethyst Emerald Aquamarine

9. Faceted Brilliant Cut Amethyst TourmalineRuby

10. Faceted Oval Cut, Square Cut, Heart Cut Sapphire Aquamarine Citrine

11. Faceted

12. Diamond pure carbon April birthstone (along with Crystal Quartz)

13. Emerald Beryl May birthstone (along with Chrysoprase)

14. Ruby CorundumJuly birthstone (along with Carnelion)

15. Sapphire Corundum September birthstone (along with Lapis)

16. Aquamarine Beryl March birthstone (along with Bloodstone)

17. Opal Quartz October birthstone (along with Tourmaline)

18. Tourmaline October birthstone (along with Opal)

19. Garnet January birthstone (along with Rose Quartz)

20. Topaz November birthstone (along with Citrine)

21. Citrine Quartz November birthstone (along with Topaz)

22. Other Gemstones Apatite Gold Beryl Smokey Quartz Sunstone

23. Birthstones January: Garnet or Rose Quartz February: Amethyst or Onyx March: Aquamarine or Bloodstone April: Diamond or Rock Crystal May: Emerald or Chrysoprase June: Alexandrite or Moonstone July: Ruby or Carnelian August: Peridot or Sardonyx September: Sapphire or Lapis October: Opal or Tourmaline November: Topaz or Citrine December: Zircon or Turquoise

24. Synthetic Gems

25. Cubic Zirconium

26. 4 C’s: Clarity

27. 4 C’s: Color

28. 4 C’s: Cut

30. 4 C’s: Carat

31. Tolkowsky’s Cut