1. Chapter 8 Section 2 Igneous and sedimentary rocks
Chapter 8 Section 1 Minerals– Earth’s Jewels
Chapter 8 Section 2 Igneous and sedimentary rocks
Mr. Perez
Chapter 8 Section 3 Metamorphic rocks and rock cycle

2. Section 1 Vocabulary
Mineral- inorganic, solid materials found in nature
Rock- solid material made up of two or more minerals
Crystal- solid materials with a repeating pattern
Gem- minerals that are rare and can be cut and polished , giving them a beautiful appearance
Ore- mineral that contains enough useful substance that it can be sold for profit

3. What is a mineral? Examples: Graphite, quartz, fluorite, apatite
Minerals are inorganic, Solid materials formed in nature. Inorganic means that are not made by plants or animals
Examples: Graphite, quartz, fluorite, apatite
Ways minerals form:
Melted rock (magma) cools and the particles are arranged in patterns
2. Evaporation can cause minerals to form, just as evaporated saltwater leaves behind salt
3. Precipitation can cause minerals to form– water cannot hold all the dissolved materials, forming solid masses of mineral
Formation clues: APPEARANCE IS IMPORTANT
Large mineral grains that fit like a puzzle = slow cooling magma
Perfect crystals = plenty of room to cool

4. WHAT IS A MINERAL?

5. Properties of minerals
Crystals
Cleavage & Fracture
Color
Streak & Luster
Hardness
Specific gravity

6. Properties of minerals
Cleavage
Fracture
Minerals that split into pieces with smooth, regular planes that reflect light
Minerals that split into pieces with rough or jagged edges
Halite & Mica
Flint & Quartz

7. Properties of minerals
COLOR: the way the minerals look can be caused by impurities
HARDNESS: Using the MOHS SCALE, classify how hard the mineral is
STREAK: the color that appears when the minerals is slid on a white, unglazed tiled called a streak plate
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: compares the weight of the mineral with an equal volume of water
OTHER PROPERTIES:
LUSTER: how light is reflected off the mineral
Magnetism
Taste
Reactivity

8. Common minerals
Most of the rock-forming minerals are silicates, which contain silicon and oxygen.
Feldspar
Quartz
Other important rock-forming minerals are carbonates, which contain carbon and oxygen.
Calcite

9. GEMS
Gems are minerals that can be cut and polished , giving them a beautiful appearance– beautiful luster and color
VERY RARE, because they form under special conditions
Require extremely high pressures
Examples of gems: diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds

10. ores
Ores are minerals that contain enough of a useful substance that it can be sold for profit
Examples of ores: copper ore, aluminum ore, gold ore
Ores are processed:
Mined
Smelted: melted and useful product separated from the rest
Refined (purified)
Processed

11. Section 2 Vocabulary
Lava- molten rock material that exists at or above Earth’s surface
Igneous rock- rock formed when melted rock material from inside Earth cools
Extrusive- melted rock material cools on Earth’s surface
Intrusive- melted rock materials cools below Earth’s surface
Sedimentary rock- sediment collected in layers and compacted together

12. Igneous Rock Details Igneous Rocks Type Form from molten rock called
Have cooling rate that is
Have crystal size that is
Extrusive
(outside)
Lava
(above surface)
Fast
Small
Intrusive
(inside)
Magma
(below surface)
Slow
Large

14. Organize igneous rocks
Igneous Rocks can be
Light colored
High silica content
Have
Are called Granitic
Dark colored
Low silica content
Basaltic
Are called

16. Classify Sedimentary rocks
Detrital
Chemical
Organic
Form from
Made of grains of minerals or other rocks
Dissolved mineral in seawater, geysers, hot springs, or salty lakes
Living matter that has died
How form
Moved and been deposited in layers by water, ice, gravity or wind
Evaporation or other chemical processes
Piled up and compressed into rock
Where form
Land or water
Water
Land or ocean
Examples
Sandstone, Shale, Conglomerate, Siltstone
Halite
Chalk, coal, limestone

17. Section 3 Vocabulary Pressure- force applied over a given area
Metamorphic rock- new rocks that form when existing rocks are heated or squeezed but not melted
Foliated- rocks that have visible layers or elongated grains of mineral
Nonfoliated- rocks that do not have distinct layers or bands of minerals
Rock cycle- cycle that describes how different kinds of rock are related to one another and how rocks change from one type to another

18. Summarize metamorphic Rocks
Conditions of Metamorphic Rock Formation
Temperature
High
Pressure
Time
Millions of years

20. Draw metamorphic rocks

21. DRAW Metamorphic rocks
Foliated rocks include:
slate
gneiss
phyllite
schist

22. Draw Metamorphic Rocks
Nonfoliated rocks include:
quartzite
soapstone
marble

24. Rock cycle interactive

25. REMEMBER! Chapter 8 Vocabulary Quiz A: 12/4 or B: 12/5
Mighty Mineral Mini Project Presentations due A: 12/6 or B: 12/9
Rock Cycle quiz on A: 12/10 or B:12/11
Bring in old crayons, aluminum foil, wax paper and pencil sharpeners A: 12/10 or B: 12/11

26. Glencoe Science & McGraw Hill Publishing
Resources
Florida Science Grade 7
Glencoe Science & McGraw Hill Publishing
Google images