1. Earth’s Energy Exchange GPH 111

2. Insolation at Earth’s Surface Average annual solar radiation receipt on a horizontal surface at ground level in watts per square meter (100 W/m2 = 75 kcal/cm2/yr)

3. What happens to incoming sunlight? Can get: Scattered (Raleigh and Mie Scattering) Refracted Reflected (Albedo) Absorbed

4. Raleigh and Mie Scattering… Blue Skies caused by Raleigh Scattering, where shorter wavelengths of visible light are scattered by molecules 1/10 the wavelength of light White Glare caused by forward Mie scattering from particulates in the air

5. Refracted Sunlight… Rainbows and strange sunsets are caused by refraction, where light slows and alters direction when passing through denser materials

6. Reflection and Albedo… Albedo - is a measure of reflectivity of a surface or body

7. Absorbed Sunlight… Bad Water, Death Valley The lowest and hottest place in North America, this place absorbs mucho solar energy.

8. Once energy is absorbed, what happens next…  Radiation - The emission and propagation of heat.  Conduction - Transmission of heat through a medium.  Convection - Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another.  Latent Heat - The quantity of heat absorbed or released by a substance undergoing a change of state.  Radiation - The emission and propagation of heat.  Conduction - Transmission of heat through a medium.  Convection - Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another.  Latent Heat - The quantity of heat absorbed or released by a substance undergoing a change of state. Also known as heat energy transfer processes…

9. Insolation and Heat Flow

10. Greenhouse Effect and Clouds… What effect will clouds have on surface temperature both day and night?

11. How does Global Warming work?

12. Global Warming and Our Future… What are some negatives from Global Warming? Any positives from Global Warming?

13. Things to know: Where is solar energy most concentrated on the planet’s surface? Where the least? How does Raleigh Scattering generate blue skies? How does Mie Scattering generate white glare in the sky? How do rainbows form? What is albedo? The four ways absorbed solar energy is transferred on earth’s surface (actually 3, don’t worry about latent heat) The greenhouse effect / global warming and how clouds and CO2 play a role Help: Chapter ER