1. Human Response Ecosystem Based Management

2. Kinds of human response Fishing Fleets – When to fish – Where to fish – Discarding – Investment in gear – Response to regulation – License movement Markets – Demand curve Managers – Feedback control Scientists

3. Covered today Fleet response and models Knapp’s work on license movement

4. The nature of fisheries – fish and people We regulate fleets The root cause of current fisheries concerns is generally regarded as “too many boats chasing too few fish” 90% of the science in fisheries goes into the fish … we need to expand our understanding and work on the other ½ of the fisheries

5. My own experience Peter Larkin’s lecture and the B.C. purse seine fleet – Why don’t all the boats fish whenever they can – Where do they choose to fish – What determines catching power

6. Dynamics of the B.C. salmon fleet Hilborn, R., and Ledbetter, M. 1979. Analysis of the British- Columbia Salmon Purse-Seine Fleet - Dynamics of Movement. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 36: 384-391. Hilborn, R., and Ledbetter, M. 1985. Determinants of Catching Power in the British-Columbia Salmon Purse Seine Fleet. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 42: 51-56. Hilborn, R. 1985. Fleet Dynamics and Individual Variation - Why Some People Catch More Fish Than Others. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 42: 2-13.

7. Canadian Drum Seiner

8. Johnstone Straight Juan de Fuca

13. Late 1970s Hollings functional and numerical responses A predator that keeps records The “ideal free distribution”

14. Why don’t Johnstone St. Fishermen fish in Juan de Fuca

16. Lab exercise basic fleet movement model

17. Functional and numerical response of salmon vessels

20. Effort, catch and CPUE in the Tasmanian lobster fishery Hilborn, R., and Kennedy, R. B. 1992. Spatial Pattern in Catch Rates - a Test of Economic- Theory. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology. 54: 263-273.

25. Abalone divers and their motivation and learning Prince, J. D., and Hilborn, R. 1998. Concentration profiles and invertebrate fisheries management. pps. 187-196. In G. S. Jamieson and A. Campbell [ed.] North Pacific Symposium on Invertebrate Stock Assessment and Management. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 125.

28. 2 nd excel spreadsheet

30. Other key areas Entry/Exit Discarding Determinants of CPUE Vessel and gear investment Response to regulation

33. Moving to license movement Many people are concerned that when fishing licenses have economic value, the licenses tend to leave small traditional fishing communities and move to larger centers BC native salmon permits The Alaskan license data base

34. Gunnar Knapp stuff

38. Knapp’s theory Cost of fishing – Lower for local residents – Outsiders must pay airfares, boat storage Opportunity cost – Locals often have no other alternatives – Outsiders have range of other jobs Access to capital Number of potential buyers Economic motivation

39. A simple thought experiment Prior to limited entry, a local fisherman makes $10,000 fishing for salmon as an augmentation to subsistence hunting and fishing More economically motivated individuals, both local and from outside make $50,000 per year Limited entry is introduced: licenses become worth $200,000, because an aggressive individual can earn $50,000 per year What is the economic logic for a small scale low- end fisherman?

40. Ecosystem based management Humans are part of the ecosystem Humans respond to changes in the ecosystem and to regulation EBM needs to consider this response