1. Unit 3: The Muscular System Lab 1: Muscles of the Axial Skeleton
Jessica Radke-Snead, RD, MS
Bio 241 Anatomy & Physiology

2. Getting Started Begin developing your strategy for this unit
Organize your material (ie the study guide, lectures, labs)
Develop a system for processing this information
Start with the broad components
Muscles (categorize and group them)
Indicated origins and insertions (use your knowledge of the skeletal system to guide you)
Function (direction of fibers, type of joint)
Continue to build to your knowledge (not all-inclusive)
Histology
Characteristics of the three types of muscle tissue
Physiology of a muscle contraction
Types of muscle contraction
Characteristics of muscle contractions
Muscle metabolism

3. Making Sense of the Muscles
Description  Location  Function
Use muscle origins and insertions to describe where the muscle is located AND what it does
Origin: attachment of one muscle tendon to the stationary bone
Insertion: attachment of the other muscle tendon to the moving bone
Action: the movement that occurs at the joint due to the muscle contraction

4. Practice Muscle: Sternocleidomastoid Origin: Sternum and clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone
Function:
Bilaterally: flexion of neck, with tilting of head forward and downward (try this!)
Unilaterally: lateral flexion of neck, with rotation of head downward and to the side OPPOSITE of the contracting muscle (try this!)

5. Muscles: Head and Neck Movements related to
Facial expression
Eyeball
Mandible, tongue and pharynx
Head and neck
Origin/Insertion requirement
M, T & P: Masseter, genioglossus, stylohyoid, digastric, temporalis
Head and neck: Sternocleidomastoid
Cadaver requirement
Facial expression: Frontalis
Head and neck: Sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis

6. Muscles: Head and Neck Masseter O: Maxilla and Zygomatic arch
I: Angle and ramus of mandible
Fx:  and retracts mandible
Sternocleidomastoid
O: Sternum and clavicle
I: Mastoid process
Fx: flexion, rotation of neck

7. Muscles: Head and Neck

8. Muscles: Head and Neck

9. Muscles: Head and Neck

10. Muscles: Trunk Muscles of Origin/insertion requirement
Breathing
Abdominal wall
Back (deep)
Pelvic floor and perineum
Origin/insertion requirement
Breathing: Diaphragm, internal and external intercostals
Abdominal wall: Rectus abdominis, internal and external obliques and transversus abdominis
Cadaver requirement
Breathing: Internal and external intercostals
Back: Erector spinae (spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis)

11. Muscles: Trunk External Obliques O: Inferior eight ribs I: Iliac crest
Fx: Compresses abs; flexion of trunk
Transversus abdominis
O: Iliac crest
I: Xiphoid process
Fx: Compresses abdomen

12. Muscles: Trunk

13. Please let me know if you need assistance—have fun!
Lab Objectives
Exam 2 return/review
Please see me if you are struggling with course material
Lab 1: Be able to identify the location and function of each muscle, and origin/insertion if indicated
Lab 2: Cadavers will be used Wednesday
Preview and review Lab 2 muscles prior to this lab
Please let me know if you need assistance—have fun!