1. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 The Communication Process: An Introduction 1 1 Eighth Edition

2. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Mars Climate Orbiter Failure Units of measurement miscommunication Cost millions of dollars © NASA

3. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Encoding Decoding Person A Person B Environment Frame of Reference (Code; channel) ( Feedback) External noise Internal noise Internal noise Noise (Code; channel) Frame of Reference Stimulus; Motivation Communication Model

4. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Person A Communication Model Person B Person A / Person B...

5. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Person A Stimulus Communication Model Person B Stimulus (internal and external)...

6. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Person A Stimulus; Communication Model Person B Motivation... Motivation

7. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Person A Stimulus; Motivation Stimulus; Motivation Communication Model Person B Encoding... Encoding

8. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Encoding Person A Stimulus; Motivation Stimulus; Motivation Communication Model Encoding Person B Decoding... Decoding

9. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Encoding Decoding Person A Stimulus; Motivation Stimulus; Motivation Communication Model Decoding Encoding Person B Frame of reference... Frame of Reference

10. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 No identical frames of reference Communication fallacy Moving up & down, messages become: --Leveled --Condensed --Assimilated --Embellished Related principles... Michael Newman/PHOTOEDIT

11. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1  Educational Background  Race  Cultural Values  Gender  Personality  Attitudes  Life Experiences

12. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1

13. Figure 1.3 Through five levels of management...

14. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Figure 1.3 Through five levels of management...

15. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Figure 1.3 Through five levels of management...

16. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Figure 1.3 Through five levels of management...

17. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Figure 1.3 Through five levels of management...

18. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Figure 1.3 Through five levels of management...

19. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Encoding Decoding Person A Frame of Reference Code Frame of Reference Stimulus; Motivation Stimulus; Motivation Communication Model Decoding Encoding Person B Code... Code

20. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Includes... Language (verbal) -- tone, pitch, volume -- eye contact, facial expressions, posture, etc. -- spoken or written words Paralanguage (vocal) Nonverbal (visual) Vocal & Visual Code 69% Verbal Code 31%

21. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Encoding Decoding Person A Frame of Reference (Code; channel) (Code; channel) Frame of Reference Stimulus; Motivation Stimulus; Motivation Communication Model Decoding Encoding Person B Channel...

22. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Importance of message Needs and abilities of receiver Feedback requirements Need for permanent record Cost Formality desired Consider how “rich” your channel needs to be...

23. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Emoticons used to add meaning and emotion to messages...

24. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Encoding Decoding Person A Frame of Reference (Feedback) (Code; channel) (Code; channel) Frame of Reference Stimulus; Motivation Stimulus; Motivation Communication Model Decoding Encoding Person B Feedback...

25. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Tell them you want it Identify feedback areas Watch for nonverbal responses Use silence to encourage it Set aside time for it. When receiving feedback from others... Continued> Michael Newman/PHOTOEDIT

26. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 When receiving feedback from others... Ask questions Use encouraging statements Paraphrase Select the proper channel Reward feedback Follow-up Michael Newman/PHOTOEDIT

27. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 When giving feedback to others, make sure it... Is directed toward behavior (not person) Is descriptive not evaluative Involves sharing (not giving advice) Includes limited information Is immediate & well-timed Allows for face-saving © Jason Harris

28. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Encoding Decoding Person A Environment Frame of Reference (Feedback) (Code; channel) (Code; channel) Frame of Reference Stimulus; Motivation Stimulus; Motivation Communication Model Decoding Encoding Person B Environment...

29. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Encoding Decoding Person A Environment Frame of Reference (Feedback) (Code; channel) (Code; channel) Frame of Reference Stimulus; Motivation Stimulus; Motivation Communication Model Decoding Encoding Person B External noise Internal noise Internal noise Noise Noise (internal and external)...

30. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 “Ethics…are the standards by which behaviors are evaluated for their morality; their rightness or wrongness.” Jeff Skilling (Former Enron CEO) Kenneth Lay (Former Enron Chairman) © Reuters/CORBIS Dave Einsel/Getty Images

31. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 The utilitarian rule The moral rights rule The justice rule The practical rule Base business decisions on these rules... Survey of 2,300 employees—75% reported observing a violation of company standards during the previous year (Lamb, et al., 2004) Nova Development

32. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1 Trap of necessity Trap of end justifies the means Trap of rationalization Trap of self-deception Trap of relative filth Which ones tempt you? © Jason Harris

33. Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 1  Losing faith = failure  People prefer to work for ethical companies  Unethical behavior is a weight on your conscience