1. © The Treasury Setting the Scene: A fiscal and public sector management perspective on the justice sector in New Zealand

2. Justice sector pipeline Precursors to Offending Event Sanctions collections Non-custodial custodial Outcome Court Processes Police Response Min. PoliceMin. JusticeMin. CourtsMin. Corrections Vote Police $1.5 Billion Vote Justice $200 million Vote Courts $600 million Vote Corrections $1.2 Billion Total crown spend: $3.5 billion annually

3. The sector spends a lot and has increased rapidly Source: Treasury Real expenditure, Justice sector Votes

4. Source: Treasury It can’t continue to grow

5. Asset base has grown very rapidly Source: Treasury Real asset values, Justice sector Votes

6. Police frontline activity has increased * Excluding traffic. Police and Crown Law do about 90% of prosecutions; the remainder is prosecutions by other government agencies. Source: Police Annual Reports

7. Criminal court volumes have grown * Individuals convicted, diverted, discharged or whose case was not proven in the High, District and Youth Courts. Data continuity from 2005. Source: Ministry of Justice

8. The prison population has grown Source: Corrections Annual Reports

9. The Māori and Pasifika share of the prison population has grown... Prison sentenced snapshot by ethnicity Source: Offender Volumes Report 2009, Department of Corrections

10. Sentence lengths have increased... Prison sentenced snapshot by management category Source: Offender Volumes Report 2009, Department of Corrections

11. ...yet short sentences dominate prison throughput Source: Offender Volumes Report 2009, Department of Corrections

12. Community sentenced period starts by management group Community sentences have also grown rapidly... Source: Offender Volumes Report 2009, Department of Corrections

13. Prison sentenced snapshot by discretionary release eligibility... and the Parole Board has a great deal of influence over sentence length served Source: Offender Volumes Report 2009, Department of Corrections

14. Increasing interventionism coincides with slightly reduced crime in the past decade Source: New Zealand Crime Statistics 2009/10, Police

15. all this activity has not reduced recidivism Source: Corrections, Annual Report 2009/10 and 2004/5 Recidivism Index Released from prison -> reconvicted Started a community sentence -> reconvicted 12 month follow up 47.5%32.8% 12 month follow up for Maori 52.2%37.2% 24 month follow up 61.9%46.5% 24 month follow up for Maori 68.2%51.5% Recidivism Index Released from prison -> reconvicted Started a community sentence -> reconvicted 12 month follow up 42.6%29.2% 12 month follow up for Maori 47.0%33.0% 24 month follow up 55.4%40.2% 24 month follow up for Maori 61.1%45.6% 2004/05 2009/10

16. The outlook: prison population is forecast to continue to rise... Source: Department of Corrections Annual Reports / Ministry of Justice: Justice Sector Forecast 2010 - 2020

17. ... with expenditure budgeted to flatten

18. Rising volumes and a flat fiscal picture are not easy to reconcile The justice sector costs the Crown a lot of money NZ has very high incarceration rates Efficiency gains are necessary but not sufficient Volumes are amenable to policy changes particularly in the area of short sentences The justice sector needs to move to a more sustainable path

19. © The Treasury Extra Slides

20. Quality of life - Security - Prison population Prison population rate Number per 100 000 inhabitants 2009 Australia129 Austria99 Belgium93 Canada116 Czech Republic209 Denmark63 Finland67 France96 Germany90 Greece109 Hungary152 Iceland44 Ireland85 Italy97 Japan63 Korea97 Luxembourg155 Mexico208 Netherlands100 New Zealand195 Norway70 Poland225 Portugal104 Slovak Republic151 Spain164 Sweden74 Switzerland76 Turkey155 United Kingdom153 United States760 OECD average140 Brazil242 Chile317 China119 Estonia273 India33 Indonesia58 Israel 1 325 Russian Federation624 Slovenia65 South Africa329

21. Selected Countries Quality of life - Security - Prison population Prison population rate Number per 100 000 inhabitants 2009 Australia129 Canada116 France96 Germany90 Ireland85 New Zealand195 United Kingdom153 United States760