1. WATER ENVIRONMENTS Chapter 7
Describe various structures and equipment used in growing aquacrops Examples: ponds, cages, raceways, tanks, cages
Describe infrastructure necessary for aquaculture production Examples: labor, feed, manufacturing, transportation

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Explain structures for growing aquacrops
Distinguish between pond types
Explain pond construction
Compare tank and raceway culture
Evaluate cage culture
Identify habitats for growing aquacrops
Compare recirculating and closed systems
Analyze infrastructure
Discuss aquaculture equipment

3. WATER SUPPLY 70% of the earth is covered in water 97% of that is salty
3% is freshwater
2% of freshwater is frozen
That leaves 1% for homes, industries, farms, livestock, aquaculture, etc.
We get our water from underground aquifer

4. HYDROLOGIC (WATER) CYCLE

5. WATER AND SPECIES
Water needs to be matched to the species being grown as each species has specific water requirements.
There is a huge existing supply of saltwater but it has limited access.
Australian redclaw crawfish need freshwater with moderate to high calcium levels.
We have to add calcium to well water to make it suitable for the crawfish.

6. WATER FACILITIES
Ponds
Raceways
Tanks
Vats
Aquariums
Cages and pens

7. PONDS

10. Cobia ponds

11. RACEWAY PONDS

12. LEVEE-TYPE POND CONSTRUCTION

13. WATERSHED POND CONSTRUCTION

33. TANKS

36. BIOFILTERS FOR RECIRCULATING SYSTEMS

37. VATS

39. AQUARIUMS

41. CAGES AND PENS

45. SELECTING A WATER FACILITY
Supply of available water – need to know the amount of water needed and available
Disposal of used water – may contain feces, uneaten food and cannot be run directly into natural body of water
Characteristics of water / species grown – the available water must be matched to the aquacrop or must have economical way to make it suitable

46. SOURCES OF WATER Wells Streams Lakes and Oceans Springs
Industrial effluent
Municipal water systems
Recycled wastewater
Surface runoff

47. WELLS

48. STREAMS (may have limited capacity)

49. LAKES AND OCEANS

50. SPRINGS

51. INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT

52. MUNICIPAL WATER SYSTEMS

53. RECYCLED WASTEWATER

54. SURFACE RUNOFF

55. AQUACULTURE EQUIPMENT
Aerators
Seines
Socks
Boats tractors
Water quality testing
Trucks

56. AERATION

57. SEINES

58. FILTER SOCKS

59. BOATS IN AQUACULTURE

60. WATER TEST EQUIPMENT

61. TRUCKS

62. INFRASTRUCTURE
Aquaculture facility – planning, production, sampling, harvesting, grading
Transportation – hauling aquacrop, delivery of equipment and supplies
Processor – heading, gutting, scaling, skinning, filleting, boxing, bagging, etc.
Inspection – FDA/USDA, state and local agencies
Warehousing – canned items like tuna, sardines, salmon

63. INFRASTRUCTURE Freezer plant – frozen shrimp, fish, etc.
Feed production – mills, presses, extruders
Equipment manufacturing – nets, tanks, meters / kits, aerators, etc.
Marketing – advertising, internet sales, brokering
Stores – roadside sales to global markets
Restaurants – local diners to “Red Lobster”