1. Effective Methods of Regenerating Pinus alibicaulis

2. Introduction Populations are declining at an alarming rate Populations are declining at an alarming rate White Pine Blister RustWhite Pine Blister Rust Mountain Pine BeetlesMountain Pine Beetles Fire SuppressionFire Suppression Subalpine Fir and Englemann Spruce EncroachmentSubalpine Fir and Englemann Spruce Encroachment

3. Introduction Current Restoration Efforts Current Restoration Efforts Whitebark Pine Seed OrchardsWhitebark Pine Seed Orchards Planting Rust Resistant Nursery Grown SeedlingsPlanting Rust Resistant Nursery Grown Seedlings

4. Introduction Effective Ways of Regenerating Whitebark Pine by Direct Seeding Effective Ways of Regenerating Whitebark Pine by Direct Seeding Seed TreatmentsSeed Treatments Inexpensive (No costs in growing the seedling)Inexpensive (No costs in growing the seedling) Less Labor Intensive (Less $ as well)Less Labor Intensive (Less $ as well) Less Time ConsumingLess Time Consuming

5. Approach Complete Randomized Block Design Complete Randomized Block Design 8 Treatments 8 Treatments 20 Seeds Per Treatment 20 Seeds Per Treatment 5 Replications Per Site 5 Replications Per Site 7 Sites 7 Sites

6. Approach Treatment Planted Seeds (20x8 Grid) Control - No Cage1,2,3…..20 Stratified - Cage1,2,3…..20 Stratified - No Cage1,2,3…..20 Stratified and Scarified - No Cage1,2,3…..20 Scarified - Cage1,2,3…..20 Stratified and Scarified - Cage1,2,3…..20 Control - Cage1,2,3…..20 Scarified - No Cage1,2,3…..20

7. Approach 100 Planted Nursery Grown Seedlings W/Seed Caches of 3 Planted Next to Them 100 Planted Nursery Grown Seedlings W/Seed Caches of 3 Planted Next to Them Directly Compare Survival Rates of EachDirectly Compare Survival Rates of Each

8. Statistical Methods Table of the Survival Rates of Seedlings for Each Treatment Table of the Survival Rates of Seedlings for Each Treatment Each RepEach Rep Each SiteEach Site Treatment 1Treatment 2Treatment 3Treatment 4Treatment 5Treatment 6Treatment 7 Treatment 8 Rep 1 (Site 1)5%0%5% 55%35%65%50% Rep 2 (Site 1)45% 20%25%45%55%35%70% Rep 3 (Site 1)40%45%40%10%80%20%70%45% Rep 4 (Site 1)25%35%25%45%65%55%65%55% Rep 5 (Site 1)25%40%5%50%65%80%55%75% Rep 1 (Site 2)5%0%5% 55%35%65%50% Rep 2 (Site 2)45% 20%25%45%55%35%70% Rep 3 (Site 2)40%45%40%10%80%20%70%45% Rep 4 (Site 2)25%35%25%45%65%55%65%55% Rep 5 (Site 2)25%40%5%50%65%80%55%75% Through Site 6

9. Statistical Methods 5 Replicates 5 Replicates 6 Sites 6 Sites 6 X 5 = 30 6 X 5 = 30 Sample Size (n=30) Sample Size (n=30)

10. Statistical Methods Distribution of Data Will Be Analyzed Distribution of Data Will Be Analyzed Transformations will be made if necessaryTransformations will be made if necessary

11. Statistical Methods Significant differences in results will be tested Significant differences in results will be tested ANOVA – Analysis of VarianceANOVA – Analysis of Variance Significant Differences in Treatments Significant Differences in Treatments Tested against one anotherTested against one another Tukey-Kramer ProcedureTukey-Kramer Procedure

12. Statistical Methods Long term survival of planted nursery grown seedlings and seed caches will simply be compared by their respective survival percentages Long term survival of planted nursery grown seedlings and seed caches will simply be compared by their respective survival percentages