1. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Skeletal System- Axial- Vertebrae

2. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings A Typical Vertebrae, Superior View Figure 5.17 Not all vertebrae look alike, but they do share certain structures: 1.Body: weight bearing portion, faces anteriorly 2.Vertebral arch: composed of lamina and pedicle

3. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings A Typical Vertebrae, Superior View Figure 5.17 3.Vertebral foramen: canal in which the spinal cord passes 4.Transverse process: lateral extensions (2) 5.Spinous process: single projection pointing posterior 6.Articulate processes: site of vertebral joints

4. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Figure 5.18a Cervical Vertebrae (7) Atlas: First vertebra (no body) Allows “yes” nod, by holding the occipital condyles (see green arrow) Axis: 2nd vertebra (small body) Allows “no” pivot where the dens articulates to the atlas

5. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Figure 5.18b Foramen for the carotid artery 90 degree forms an “L” Looking for ideas on remembering thoracic?

6. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sacrum and Coccyx  Sacrum  Formed by the fusion vertebrae  Forms posterior wall of pelvis  Articulates to the hip  Coccyx  Formed from the fusion of vertebrae  “Tailbone”

7. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Bony Thorax (AKA: Thoracic Cage)  Forms a cage to protect major thoracic organs  Consists of three parts  Sternum  Ribs  Thoracic vertebrae

8. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Boney Thorax (AKA: Thoracic Cage) Figure 5.20a Sternum: (composed of 3 bones) manubrium Body xiphoid process

9. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Boney Thorax (AKA: Thoracic Cage) Figure 5.20a Ribs: 12 pairs 1st seven “true” ribs, attach to sternum 8-10 “false” ribs indirectly attached to sternum or not attached 11-12 AKA floating ribs