1. Body Pedicle Vertebral Foramen Lamina Transverse Process Superior Articular Process Inferior Articular Process Spinous Process Typical Anatomy of a Vertebra BIOL 203 – Summer 2012 Instructor: Alexandra Okihiro

2. Transverse Foramen Superior Articular Facet Atlas Axis Dens Transverse Foramen

3. Head Tubercle Angle Body Sternal End Sacral foramina Sacral Hiatus Sacral Canal Posterior View of Real Sacrum Note: Sacral Promontory is seen on the anterior side only Rib

4. Jugular Notch Clavicular notch Manubrium (the Sternal Angle is a bend in the manubrium) Body Xiphoid Process Costal Cartilages Costal Margin Sternum

5. Erector Spinae group Note: The muscle fibers of this group run vertically Intercostal Nerves (inside the torso model; gray)

6. External Oblique (Internal Oblique is deep to this muscle) Rectus Abdominis Transversus Abdominis

7. Brachial Plexus Axillary Nerve Musculocutaneous Nerve

8. Radial Nerve Median Nerve Ulnar Nerve Originates from Brachial Plexus

9. Femoral Nerve (Originates from Lumbar Plexus) Posterior Thigh and Leg Sciatic Nerve Tibial Nerve Common Peroneal Nerve Originate from the Sacral Plexus

10. Typical Anatomy of a Vertebra

11. Atlas Axis

12. Posterior View of Real Sacrum Note: Sacral Promontory is seen on the anterior side only Rib

13. Sternum

17. Originates from Brachial Plexus

18. Posterior Thigh and Leg Originate from the Sacral Plexus