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Published byRay Woolman Modified over 10 years ago
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Phases of the Gait Cycle And Determinants of Gait
Human Locomotion Phases of the Gait Cycle And Determinants of Gait
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Understanding the Phasic Characteristics of Gait
Provides a logical framework for discussion of gait Provides a logical structure for analyzing gait Provides a common set of terms for communicating information about gait
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Basic Gait Phase Terminology
Gait Cycle Stance and Swing Stride Length - units? Step Length - units? Stride (gait) Width Stride Time Stance Time Swing Time Cadence Velocity
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Phases of the Gait Cycle
How would you define the Phases of the Gait Cycle ?
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Phases of the Gait Cycle
Stance Phase Initial Double Support Single Support Terminal Double Support Swing Phase Initial Swing Terminal Swing TSw ISw DS DS SS Stance Swing Gait Cycle
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Phases - Percentage of Gait Cycle
Normal Walking Stance - 60 % of the Complete Gait Cycle Single Stance – 30% - 40% Double Stance - 20% - 30% Swing - 40 % Slow/Fast Walking Slow – Stance Phase percentage Increases Fast – Stance Phase percentage decrease Pathological Gait – generally, stance phase percentage increases Double support increased
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Gait Events Support Events Swing Events Foot (Heel) Strike Foot Flat
Midstance Heel Off Foot (Toe) Off Swing Events Foot (Toe) Off Midswing Foot (Heel) Strike
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Gait Events Foot (heel) Strike
Initial Contact Beginning of Loading Foot Position may vary, but is generally supinated Represents end of single support on the opposite side
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Gait Events Foot Flat Maximum Impact Loading occurs
Controlled by the Ant Tib Foot rapidly moves into pronation Weight has been shifted to the support leg Coincides with end of the Initial period of Double Support on the Opposite side
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Gait Events Mid-Stance
Single Support Balance Critical All weight supported by single leg Foot remains pronated initially then re-supinates Late mid-stance is the period of max propulsion Swing occurring on opposite
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Gait Events Heel-Off Un-loading of limb and preparation for swing
Foot Strike on Opposite Side Weight Shift to opposite side begins
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Gait Events Toe-Off Weight transition to opposite side completed
Hip flexion has been initiated to facilitate swing Coincides with beginning of single support on the opposite side
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Gait Events Mid-swing Leg shortened (ankle dorsiflexion) and hip elevated (abducted) to facilitate swing Mid-stance on the opposite side C. Of G. directly over opposite supporting foot
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Gait Events Terminal Swing
Hip flexion stopped and knee extended via Mo Foot supinated and positioned for foot strike Coincides with the end of the second DS phase on the opposite side The Sequence Begins Again
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How do we Manipulate Walking Velocity
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How do we Manipulate Walking Velocity
Stride Length Cadence Manipulation of Velocity Initial Adjustment - Secondary Adjustment
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Human Gait Why do we walk the way we do????
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Considerations: Anatomy Manipulation of Objects Vision Speed
Efficiency
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Efficiency Movement Requires Force
Work = Force x Distance Increases in force and/or distance reflect increased work Amount of Work Determines Energy Expenditure
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Efficiency Non-functional Movement of the C. of G. is Energy Expensive !!!
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Efficiency Movement of the Body’s Center of Gravity Reflects Collective Movement of the Body Thus Minimizing the Movement of the Body’s Center of Gravity during Locomotion is the Major Factor in Minimizing the Body’s Expenditure of Energy
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** Efficiency ** Factors Determining Energy Cost
Determinants on Gait: (Saunders, Inman, Whittle, etc.) Knee Flexion During Stance Pelvic Rotation (transverse plane) Pelvic Lateral Tilt (Obliquity) Ankle Mechanism (Dorsiflexion) Ankle Mechanism (Plantarflexion) Step Width
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Pelvic Rotation
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Pelvic Lateral Tilt
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Knee Flexion During Stance
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Ankle Mechanism Plantar Flexion
Lengthens the leg during stance
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Ankle Mechanism Dorsiflexion
Lengthens Leg During Swing, prior to foot contact
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Step Width Narrowing the base during double stance reduces lateral motion
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