1. 17/07/1436RHS 4221 Dr. Afaf A.M Shaheen Lecture 4 RHS 422

2. 17/07/1436RHS 4222

3. 17/07/1436RHS 4223  A suitable pair of shoes minimizes stress on all portions of the feet, provides support, and acts as a shock absorber of ground reaction forces.  The basic parts of a shoe are: Sole Upper Heel

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12. 17/07/1436RHS 42212 Medial Heel Flare Lateral Heel Flare Internal Lift Heel Heel Elevation

13. 17/07/1436RHS 42213 Heel & Sole Elevation Metatarsal Bar Sole Lift

14. 17/07/1436RHS 42214 Reinforced Toe Box Forefoot Rocker bar

15. 17/07/1436RHS 42215 Foot stability is critical to minimizing ankle injury, excessive pronation, and slipping of the heel during gait cycle. A keystone of a good shoe is its ability to absorb shock. The construction of and materials used for the insole, midsole, and the outer sole determine the amount of shock absorption that the shoe will provide.

16. 17/07/1436RHS 42216  A good shoe must be flexible and provide stability with each step.  The sole should provide adequate traction as it contacts the ground, especially in early stance as body weight is transferred onto the foot.  The heel height can create stress on the forefoot during gait.

17. 17/07/1436RHS 42217  Heels of more than 1 ⅟₂ inches exponentially increase weight-bearing forces on metatarsal heads.  The upper should be soft and pliable.

18. 17/07/1436RHS 42218 Feet come in many shapes, sizes, and conditions of health. The biomechanical and functional characteristics of feet change over the individual’s lifetime.

19. 17/07/1436RHS 42219 The infant’s foot must adapt to weight bearing, especially as walking becomes functional. The foot of a child continues to adapt as normal growth changes alignment of pelvis, femur, and tibia.

20. 17/07/1436RHS 42220  Many pediatric and lower extremity foot disorders require more aggressive management.  An understanding of the natural history of many of these disorders is important in establishing the appropriate footwear.

21. 17/07/1436RHS 42221 Night Splint

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24. 17/07/1436RHS 42224  Shoe prescription for these biomechanical problems of the foot, if a child’s foot is developing normally and doesn’t exhibit any signs of an abnormality, a soft-soled shoe is appropriate.  If some degree of abnormality exists, a more supportive, rigid shoe is indicated for toddlers.

25. 17/07/1436RHS 42225 During pregnancy, women may experience problems in lower extremities, including edema, leg cramps, restless legs syndrome, joint laxity, and low back pain. As a result, foot pain is a common problem in pregnant women. An important consideration is the provision of shoes with maximum shock absorption.

26. 17/07/1436RHS 42226 1.Gel-cushiond running shoes are recommended, especially if women continue to jog or walk for exercise. 2.Athletic and walking shoes provide good support, excellent cushioning, and a solid heel counter.

27. 17/07/1436RHS 42227  High heel shoes are inadvisable during pregnancy.

28. 17/07/1436RHS 42228 The hormonally induced tissue laxity of pregnancy leads to a broader forefoot as the metatarsal heads separate and the distal transverse arch flattens and to a longer foot as the longitudinal arch is less efficiently supported by soft tissue structures. For this reason, pregnant women are advised to wear a larger shoe size, with a square or deeper toe box, or both, especially if edema is also a problem.

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40. 17/07/1436RHS 42240  Foot function and footwear needs have a developmental aspect.  Understanding of how the foot changes over the life span and of the special needs is essential.  Knowledge of about the components of shoes and their variations, and the criteria for proper fitting is an important tool for clinical practice.

41. 17/07/1436RHS 42241