1. Ch. 18 Knee Injuries

2. Knee Genu Valgum (knocked knee) Genu Varum (Bow legged)
Genu Recurvatum (hyperextension)

3. Patellofemoral Pain
Difficult injury to deal with because the MOI may be hard to isolate
MOI: prolonged knee flexion, stairs, squats, running
S/S: pain in the front of the knee or behind the kneecap, knee giving way, crepitus, mild swelling

4. Patellofemoral Pain
Treatment: correct biomechanics that is causing misalignment, strengthen quads, patella tape, orthotics, braces

5. Patella Tendonitis Jumper’s Knee
MOI: sprinting, jumping, quick change in directions, repetitive
S/S: anterior knee pain below patella
Treatment: modify activity, ice, patella strap

6. Patella Dislocation MOI: knee bent and forced inward
S/S: obvious deformity, pain, immediate swelling
Treatment: reduce, immobilize, check ligaments, RICE
Rehab: strengthening, ROM

7. Osgood-Schlatter Involves tibial tubercle epiphysis
Males 12-16, Females
MOI: traction of quads
S/S: pain, swelling, weakness in quads, lump, pain with palpation

8. Osgood-Schlatter Treatment: control pain, swelling, and flexibility
Wear protective pad or knee sleeve
Ice after all activity
Take NSAIDs
Stretch hamstrings

9. IT Band Syndrome
Iliotibial Band: thick fibrous tissue on lateral side of thigh
ITB Syndrome is irritation of the ITB when it crosses muscles and bone at lateral epicondyle

10. IT Band Syndrome
Caused by increased mileage, foot and knee misalignment, leg length discrepancies
Treatment: RICE, stretch, correct biomechanical problems

11. MCL MOI: blow to outside of knee resulting in valgus force
S/S: pain on medial joint line or at attachments of MCL, decreased ROM, swelling
Treatment: RICE, crutches
Rehab: ROM, strengthening

12. ACL
Females who participate in basketball and soccer are four to six times more likely to tear ACL than males who play the same sport
70% of ACL injuries in females are noncontact
Influencing factors
Biomechanical: quadriceps, landing
Hormones
Environmental: playing surface, shoe type
Anatomic: femoral notch, Q-angle

13. ACL MOI: noncontact or contact, rapid change of direction
No degrees—either torn or not
S/S: ‘pop’, swelling, ‘loose’ knee, pain
Special Test: Anterior Drawer, Lachman’s, should be performed before guarding sets in
Diagnosed with MRI
Treatment: RICE, crutches, knee immobilizer, surgery

15. PCL Most common MOI is car accident-knee hitting the dashboard
Use ‘sag’ test to diagnosis
Usually non-surgical
Rehab to restore strength and ROM

16. Meniscus
Medial meniscus is attached more securely on the back and medial side of the knee. It does not more around easily which is why its torn more often
MOI: sudden knee twisting
S/S: clicking, pain with flexion
As one ages, meniscus lose rubbery consistency and tear more easily

17. Special Tests Apprehension: Patella dislocation
Valgus Stress Test: MCL
Varus Stress Test: LCL
Lachmen’s and Anterior Drawer: ACL
Posterior Drawer: PCL
McMurray’s: Meniscus

18. Rehab ROM: heel prop, heel slides
Strengthening: Straight leg raises, total knee extensions, step ups
Balance: on foam pad, rebounder
Functional: speed ladder, carioca, cutting