1. Examination of Ankle & Foot NOORA ALAMMADI

2. First we have to: LOOK FEEL MOVE

3. Look for: Asymmetry Deformity Scars Swelling Bruising Nail changes Hallux valgus or varus Alignment of heel & toes

4. Feel for: Tenderness Heat Stiffness Pulse Temperature Prominent landmarks (lateral and medial malleoli)

5. Foot pulsation

6. Check for Movements 1.Dorsiflexion 2.Plantar flexion 3.Inversion 4.Eversion 5.Abduction 6.Adduction 7.Movements of foot

11. Special Tests Ankle’s ligaments stability Integrity of Achilles tendon

12. Ankle’s ligaments stability Patient: supine position Grasp heel & stabilize leg Forcibly laterally or medially rotate ankle. Stress test of collateral ligament. Feel for any opening.

13. Ankle’s ligaments stability

14. Integrity of Achilles tendon Patient: prone position Flexing knee joint Squeeze calf muscles Normally leg will plantar flex little bit. If no movement => abnormal.