1. Exam Review By: Victoria S.

2. Monomyth Ω Stages: ~Birth and Home: childhood, background, ancestry. Example: Bilbo’s father was from the well-to-do, conventional Baggins family, but his mother was from the Tooks, a wealthy, eccentric family infamous for their unhobbitlike tendency to go on adventures. ~Call to Adventure: messenger comes and hero can accept or deny the call. Example: When Gandalf comes to Bilbo’s hobbit hole and asks him if he would like to go on an adventure.

3. Monomyth Continued… ~Helpers/Amulet: aid that the hero receives when just starting off in the adventure. Example: then 13 dwarves, Gandolf, the ring, etc. ~The First Threshold: the hero must endure a trial to get from the normal world to the world of adventure. Example: The trolls. ~Tests and Trials: Trolls, Goblins, Gullom, Wood Elves, Spiders, etc.

4. Monomyth continued… ~Helpers: loyal companion to hero. Examples: 13 dwarves, Gandolf, etc. ~Climax/ Final Battle: critical part, the hero aids in the resolution. Example: When Bilbo has to decide how to divide the jewels of the dragon up and the amulet. ~Flight: after the mission was accomplished, the journey back to the normal world.

5. Monomyth continued… Example: Bilbo travels with Beorn and Gandolf, Bilbo recovers from tiredness and Weariness. ~Return: Hero returns to normal world. Example: When Bilbo and Gandolf walk into the hobbit forest. ~Elixer: What the hero learned from the adventure. Example: People are more important than money, greed seperates people.

6. Literary Terms Ω The three basics: setting, character(s), plot. Ω Connotative: an idea suggested by a word or phrase. Ω Denotative: dictionary definition. Ω Allusions: a indirect reference to a person or thing. Ω Archetype: the original pattern or model from which all things of the same kind are copied or on which they are based.

7. Literary Terms Ω Epithet: any word or phrase associated to a person or thing to describe an actual or attributed quality. Ω Epic Simile: a simile developed over several lines of verses.

8. Important Mythology Characters Ω 12 Olympians: Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Hera, Ares, Athena, Apollo, Aphrodite, Hermes, Artemis, Hephaestus Ω Persephone: Hades kidnaps to be his wife. She is usually passive, agreeing to whatever is asked of her. Once she even places some of her beauty in a box. Ω Eros(Cupid): The son of Aphrodite. Eros uses his bow to fire magic arrows that cause people to fall in love. He is a beautiful young man, though he is typically depicted as a winged cherub. Eros, who is often blindfolded, performs works of romantic mischief whenever Aphrodite asks.

9. Characters continued… ΩOΩOdysseus: King of Ithaca and a great warrior in the Trojan War; and is a fine talker and brilliant strategist. ΩTΩTheseus: The son of King Aegeus of Athens. ΩHΩHercules: Son of Zeus, he is known for is incredible strength and bravery; he lacks self-control and intelligence. Murders family and the 12 Labors are his penance.

10. Ω Jason: Recovers the Golden Fleece; when he arrived at Colchis, the king’s daughter falls in love with him, Medea; He marries a different princess and Medea kills his new wife and her children. Ω Perseus: Zeus’s son; Locked in a box with mother, b/c his mother predicts that one day Perseus will kill her father; box went to sea, both survive; Perseus kills Medusa with the help of Hermes and Athena, they give him winged-boots, shield, cap of darkness, and magic wallet.

11. Characters Ω Paris: judged that Aphrodite was the fairest of all goddesses. Ω Helen: reason the Trojan war started; most beautiful woman, promised to Paris by Aphrodite; kidnapped from Menelaus. Ω Hector: most bravest and famous among the Trojan warriors. Ω Aeneas: the great Trojan warrior that survives b/c of Aphrodite.

12. Characters Ω Agamemnon: sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia ultimately costs him his life. Ω Achilles: the greatest Greek warrior in the Trojan War; his mother dipped him in the River Styx when he was little and didn’t dip his heel. He died by getting shot in his heel.

13. Oddyssey Characters Ω Telemachus: Odysseus's son. Ω Penelope: Odysseus’s wife; suitors wanted to marry her. Ω Antinous: The most arrogant of all suitors; Ω Eurymachus: The manipulative suitor, clever. Ω Calypso: sea-nymph who fell in love with Odysseus when he landed on her island Ogygia and held him as a prisoner for 7 years until Hermes persuaded to let him go.

14. Characters continued… Ω Polyphemus: the Cyclops Odysseus blinds. Ω Tiresias: the Prophet who resides in the underworld. Ω Circe: beautiful woman who turns Odysseus’s men into pigs. Ω Laertes: Odysseus’s father.

15. Characters Ω Aeolus: gave Odysseus bag of bad winds. Ω Lestragonians: cannibals Ω Sirens: ladies that enchant men with their singing. Ω Scylla: 6 headed sea monster. Ω Charybdis: giant whirlpool. Ω THIS IS JUST SOME OF THE IMPORTANT CHARACTERS!!!!!!!!!!