1. The neural basis of face recognition? Tim Andrews

4. Familiar Unfamiliar Hancock, Bruce and Burton (2000) Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4:330-337 Jenkins, White, Van Monfort, Burton (2011) Cognition 121: 313-323

5. Outline 1.Which areas of the brain respond to images of faces? 2.Are these regions selective for the identity of the face? 3.Which aspects of the face are important for representing facial identity? 4.Is an image-invariant neural code used to represent information about identity? 5.Are face-selective regions sufficient for face recognition?

6. Face localiser scan

7. fMRI analysis - modelling the data

8. Face-selective regions FFA: fusiform face area OFA: occipital face area STS: superior temporal sulcus 7.4 4.6 zscore OFA STS FFA Haxby, Hoffman & Gobbini, TICS 4: 223-233 (2000) Bruce & Young (1986) Br. J. Psychology 77: 305-327 Calder & Young, Nature Reviews Neuroscience 6: 641-51 (2005)

9. Outline 1.Which areas of the brain respond to images of faces? 2.Are these regions selective for the identity of the face? 3.Which aspects of the face are important for representing facial identity? 4.Is an image-invariant neural code used to represent information about identity? 5.Are face-selective regions sufficient for face recognition?

10. fMR-adaptation Grill-Spector, Henson & Martin (2006) Trends Cog Sci 10: 14-23 Krekelberg, Boynton and van Wezel (2006) Trends Neurosci 29: 250-256

11. fMR-adaptation Grill-Spector et al (1999) Neuron 24: 187-203 Henson et al. (2000) Science 287: 1269-72 Andrews & Ewbank, Neuroimage 23: 905-913(2004) Grill-Spector, Henson & Martin (2006) Trends Cog Sci 10: 14-23

12. Andrews, Clarke, Pell, Hartley (2010) Neuroimage 49: 703-711 fMR- adaptation to intact, but not scrambled faces

13. Andrews, Clarke, Pell, Hartley (2010) Neuroimage 49: 703-711 No adaptation to images of places

14. Outline 1.Which areas of the brain respond to images of faces? 2.Are these regions selective for the identity of the face? 3.Which aspects of the face are important for representing facial identity? 4.Is an image-invariant neural code used to represent information about identity? 5.Are face-selective regions sufficient for face recognition?

15. Internal and external features

16. fMR-adaptation to internal and external features of familiar faces Andrews, Davies-Thompson, Kingstone & Young (2010) J. Neuroscience 30: 3544-22

17. Adaptation to internal and external features of unfamiliar faces FFAOFASTS Andrews, Davies-Thompson, Kingstone & Young (2010) J. Neuroscience 30: 3544-22

18. Composite face images

19. Adaptation to composite familiar faces same internal, same external same internal, diff. external diff. internal, same external diff. internal, diff. external Andrews, Davies-Thompson, Kingstone & Young (2010) J. Neuroscience 30: 3544-22

20. Adaptation to composite unfamiliar faces same internal, same external same internal, diff. external diff. internal, same external diff. internal, diff. external Andrews, Davies-Thompson, Kingstone & Young (2010) J. Neuroscience 30: 3544-22

21. The Illusion! The Presidential Illusion! FFAOFASTS Sinha and Poggio (1996) Nature 384:404 Sinha and Poggio (2002) Perception 31:131

22. Face to Face Coalition! FFAOFASTS Andrews and Thompson (2010) iPerception 1: 28-30

23. Outline 1.Which areas of the brain respond to images of faces? 2.Are these regions selective for the identity of the face? 3.Which aspects of the face are important for representing facial identity? 4.Is an image-invariant neural code used to represent information about identity? 5.Are face-selective regions sufficient for face recognition?

24. Familiar Unfamiliar

25. Experiment 1: same identity FFA Image invariant adaptation Davies-Thompson, Newling and Andrews (2012) Cerebral Cortex in press

26. Experiment 2: different identity FFA Image invariant adaptation Davies-Thompson, Newling and Andrews (2012) Cerebral Cortex in press

27. Experiment 1: same identity FFA Image invariant adaptation Davies-Thompson, Newling and Andrews (2012) Cerebral Cortex in press

28. Experiment 2: different identity FFA Image invariant adaptation Davies-Thompson, Newling and Andrews (2012) Cerebral Cortex in press

29. Experiment 1 Image invariant adaptation Experiment 2

30. Outline 1.Which areas of the brain respond to images of faces? 2.Are these regions selective for the identity of the face? 3.Which aspects of the face are important for representing facial identity? 4.Is an image-invariant neural code used to represent information about identity? 5.Are face-selective regions sufficient for face recognition?

31. Case Study - JJ  17 year old male  Complete loss of vision following head trauma  Visual acuity recovered after 5 days, but he retained a specific deficit in colour and face perception  10 days after injury, battery of visual tests revealed normal acuity, stereopsis, motion discrimination, contrast sensitivity, object/place recognition, but still had abnormal colour vision and remained densely prosopagnosic.  After 4 months he showed a complete recovery of colour and face perception.

32. Structural MRI revealed no obvious lesion

33. 1

35. Normal functional responses in face-selective regions FFA STS OFAFFA Pre-recoveryPost-recoveryControls

36. Normal adaptation to faces in prosopagnosic patient! same different

37. Conclusions

38. Thanks to… Jodie Davies-Thompson Andy Young Heidi Baseler Andre Gouws Simon Hickman Alan Kingstone Tony Morland Peter Thompson Wellcome Trust ESRC

39. JJ – face perception % correct27/0204/0314/0321/0328/0304/0422/06 Benton Face Recognition Test90.7 Cambridge Face Memory Test85.0 Emotion Recognition Test41.775.0 Eye Gaze Sensitivity Test50.094.4 Sex Discrimination Test85.481.2 Unfamiliar Face Matching Test91.695.8 Familiar Face Recognition Test0.0 100 Forced Choice Face Recognition Test42.9100 Famous Caricature Test40.0100 Visual Imagery Test100 Face Texture Test100 Face Size Test100 Face Shape Test75.062.5

40. JJ – non-face object perception % correct27/0204/0314/0321/0328/0304/0422/06 National Adult Reading Test (NART)23/5017/50 Warrington Recognition Memory Test100 Famous Buildings Test85.0 Name Recognition Test97.6100 Car Recognition Test79.283.3 Famous London Landmarks Test88.8 Common Objects Test100