1. Context clues

2. What is a context clue?
The words and/or phrases that surround an unknown word.
When combined with prior knowledge, context clues give hints to the meaning of unknown words.
They can be found in the same sentence or in surrounding sentences.
Context Clues Video

3. Types of context clues
Definition Synonym Antonym Comparison and Contrast Restatement Example General Clues

4. Definition Clue
The definition of the unknown word is directly stated in the text.
A definition clue is often set off by commas, or dashes.
Example
Sometimes the explorers encountered leads, open channels of water, and were forced to wait until the ice formed before going on.

5. Synonym Clue
An unknown word is paired with a word having the same or nearly the same meaning.
A synonym clue is usually set off by a comma.
Example
Hurricane Ike caused catastrophic, disastrous damages in Texas.

6. Antonym Clue
An unknown word is paired with a word that means the opposite.
Look for clue words that indicate contrast
but, however, instead of, unlike, on the other hand
Example
The cashier was polite, unlike the customer, who was quite curt to her.

7. Comparison and Contrast Clues
In comparison clues, the writer suggests the meaning of an unknown word by comparing it to something similar.
In contrast clues, the writer suggests the meaning of an unknown word by pointing out the differences.
Example
The twins barreled through the living room like a tornado.

8. Restatement Clue
When a writer restates an unknown word in easier language, it is a restatement clue.
Usually commas or dashes separate a restatement clue.
Look for clue words that show restatement
that is, in other words, and or
Example
The boy put together a hand-collated set of trading cards; in other words, he put together a set of trading cards by hand.

9. Example Clue
In an example clue, the writer provides several words that are examples of an unfamiliar word.
Look for key words that indicate an example is provided
for example, for instance, including, such as
Example
Looking out the window, I could see the beautiful delphiniums. They were nestled among the roses, daisies, and daffodils.

10. General Clues
Sometimes you need to infer the meaning of an unfamiliar word by reading non-specific clues in a number of sentences.
Remember to look for clues over several sentences.
Example
Kevin set out the broom, a dustpan, dusting rag, vacuum cleaner, and three trash bags before beginning the monumental task of cleaning his bedroom.

11. Let’s Practice
TV411
Multiple Choice
Matching

12. With help from…
Applebee, Arthur N. "Vocabulary Handbook." The Language of Literature. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, R Print.
FOR-PD. "Florida Online Reading Professional Development." University of Central Florida, Web. 7 Sept <