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Introduction to Concept Mapping & the Relation Element Theory D.P. Tegarden all materials made available for educational purposes only not to be used for commercial purposes without written permission
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Why Concept Mapping? Rote Learning (Memorization) vs. Meaningful Learning
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Learning occurs when new knowledge is added to an existing knowledge structure Knowledge is constructed; NOT discovered Three requirements –Relevant prior knowledge –Meaningful material –Learner must choose to learn meaningfully
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What is a Concept Map? Tool for organizing and representing knowledge Directed Graph-based Knowledge Representation –Concepts a perceived regularity in events or objects, or records of events or objects, designated by a label –Propositions (Linking Words) statements about some object or event in the universe, either naturally occurring or constructed contain two or more concepts connected with other words to form a sentence
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Relation Element Theory Relationship Classifications Class InclusionPart-WholeContrastsSimilarsCase Relationships (AKindOf/HasKinds)(APartOf/HasParts)(OppositeOf)(SimilarTo)(AssociatedWith) PerceptualFunctional ObjectsContradictorySynonymityAgent Actions FunctionalFunctional LocationContraryDimensional SimilarityAgent Instrument StatePlacesDirectionalAttribute SimilarityAgent Object GeographicalOrganizationReverseNecessary AttributionAction Recipient ActivityMeasureAsymmetric ContraryAction Instrument ActionCollectionIncompatibleInvited Attribution IngredientsPseudoantonym Group
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Relation Element Theory Relationships, Definitions, and Examples Class Inclusion: AKindOf vs. HasKinds Relationships in this classification involve one concept that “subsumes” the other concept. For example, Horse Animal; Rose Flower; Chair Furniture, Hammer Tool; Polio Disease; Fear Emotion; Chess Game; Theft Crime; Virginia State; Lecture Talk; Fry Cook Part Whole: APartOf vs HasParts Relationships in this classification involve one concept that “envelops” the other concept. For example, Engine Car; Leaf Tree; Stove Kitchen; Kitchen House; Tree Forest; Blacksburg Virginia; Virginia Tech ACC; Cheese Pizza; Wood Table; Professor Faculty; Second Minute Hour Day Week Month Year Contrasts: OppositeOf Relationships in this classification involve concepts that oppose or contrast each other. For example, Old Young; Happy Sad; Alive Dead; Male Female; Attack Defend; Buy Sell; Front Back; Right Left; Happy Morbid; Hot Cool; Dry Moist; Popular Shy; Believe Deny Similars: SimilarTo Relationships in this classification involve concepts that are similar to each other. For example: Car Auto; Buy Purchase; Smile Laugh; Annoy Torment; Bachelor Unmarried; Tower High; Rake Fork; Painting Movie Case Relationships: AssociatedWith Relationships in this classification involve concepts that use, make, or are described by other concepts. For example, Artist Paint; Dog Barking; Farmer Tractor; Soldier Gun; Baker Bread; Sculpter Clay; Sit Chair; Hunt Prey; Cut Knife; Drink Cup; Food Tasty; Employee Skill
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