1. King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages & Literature Syntax (LANE-334) Chapter 2 Constituents Dr. Abdulrahman Alqurashi Dr. Abdulrahman Alqurashi 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3341

2. Words 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3342

3. Word Classes 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3343

4. Nouns 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3344

5. Nouns 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3345

6. Noun Phrases 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3346

7. Noun Phrases 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3347

8. Noun Phrases 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3348

9. Noun Phrases 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3349

10. Noun Phrases 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33410

11. Noun Phrases 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33411

12. Personal pronouns 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33412

13. Personal pronouns 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33413

14. Personal pronouns 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33414

15. Verbs 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33415

16. Verbs 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33416

17. Verbs 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33417

18. 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33418

19. 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33419

20. 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33420

21. Verb phrases (VP) 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33421

22. Verb phrases (VP) 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33422

23. Verb phrases (VP) 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33423 Intransitive verb Copula verb Monotransitive verb

24. Verb phrases (VP) 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33424 Ditransitive verb Intransitive verb Complex transitive verb

25. Verb phrases (VP) 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33425 Transitive verb

26. Verb phrases (VP) 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33426 HeadComplementsVerb types Verbs like laugh, sleep, -------Intransitive Verbs like is, areAdjP, NP or PPCopula Verbs like say,…NP or SMonotransitive Verbs like told, send, …NP+ NP or NP + PPDitransitive Verbs like call NP + AdjP or NPComplex transitive Verbs like move, leanPPIntransitive Verbs like putNP - PPTransitive

27. Verb phrases (VP) 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33427

28. Verb phrases (VP) 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33428 tensemodelsperfectprogressivepassive main verbsuffix Ømayhavebeen-----work_ing _edcouldhave------ beenstole _n

29. Adjectives 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33429

30. Adjectives 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33430

31. Adverbs 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33431

32. Adverbs 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33432

33. Adjective phrases (AdjP) 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33433

34. Adjective phrases (AdjP)  Adjective phrases may occur as a Premodifier (adjunct) inside a NP or as Predicative complement inside VP: He likes [ NP the [ AdjP German] [ N girl] ] Her voice [ VP was [ AdjP very soft]] She [ VP is [ AdjP afraid that she might die]] 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33434

35. Adverb phrases (AdvP) 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33435

36. Adverb phrases (AdvP) 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33436

37. Prepositional Phrases (PP) 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33437

38. Prepositional Phrases (PP) 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33438

39. Conjunctions 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33439

40. Conjunctions 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33440

41. Clauses and sentences 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33441

42. Clauses and sentences 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33442

43. Clauses and sentences 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33443

44. Clauses and sentences 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33444

45. Clauses and sentences 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33445

46. Clauses and sentences 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33446

47. Clauses and sentences 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33447

48. Clauses and sentences (iii) What if [they annoy her]? (Finite) (iv) Don’t let [them/(*they) annoy her] (Nonfinite)  Nonfinite forms include:  a). Infinitive forms like: e.g. [John believes [the prisoner to be innocent]] (Finite) (Non-finite)  b). –ing / -ed participle forms like: e.g. [I saw [Mary leaving]] (Finite) (Non-finite) e.g. [I found [all the seats occupied]] (Finite) (Non-finite) 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33448

49. Word order  Consider the following: Oxford – recently – graduated – John – form a)John graduated from Oxford recently. b)Recently John graduated from Oxford. c)From Oxford John graduated recently. d)From Oxford John recently graduated. e)John recently graduated from Oxford.  Consider also the following: a)John died. b)* died John.  English has Subject- verb (SV) word order.  Arabic, for example, has both SV and VS word order. 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33449

50. What to do next week What to do next week  Read chapter 3.  Prepare for your quiz. See you next lecture. See you next lecture. 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33450