1. Telecom and Informatics 1 INF5120 and INF9120 ”Modelbased System development” Lecture 2: 26.01.2015 Arne-Jørgen Berre arneb@ifi.uio.noarneb@ifi.uio.no and Arne.J.Berre@sintef.noArne.J.Berre@sintef.no

2. Telecom and Informatics 2 This Lecture, January 26, 2015 Business Model Innovation – Business Model Canvas and Value Proposition Canvas Business Model Canvas – Osterwalder/Strategyzer.com Guest lecture, Bjørn Haugland, CEO, Symphonical, The Symphonical environment Introduction to OBLIGS 1 and 2, "SenseIT" company with Mobile Apps for Bluetooth connected UV sensor etc.

3. Telecom and Informatics 3 INF5120 - Lecture plan - 2015 1 (19/1): Introduction – MDA principles, class models, EA, BAE, SAE, MDE 2 (26/1): BAE-1: BM, VDML, BMC/VPC,– Strategyzer, Oblig 1&2 intro, establish groups Guest lecture, Prof. Peter Lindgren, Aarhus University, Sensing Business Model 3: (2/2): MDE-1 Method Engineering, Essence, Process/Practices, Agile/Lean – Symphonical Guest lecture, Bjørn Haugland, CEO, Symphonical, The Symphonical environment 4 (9/2): BAE-2: EA, BA, BPMN, VDML, Class/Term models- MagicDraw and Cameo Enterprise 5 (16/2): BAE-3: Service Design – Smaply Guest lecture, Ragnhild Halvorsrud, SINTEF, Visual Service Design language 6 (23/2): BAE-4: User experience and UI Design – Balsamiq 7 (2/3): BAE-5: Agile user stories and use cases – Symphonical/MD&Cameo 8 (9/3): SAE-1 IFML and Webratio and Mobile App development, Oblig 2 intro 9 (16/3): SAE-2 Domain/information modeling – more IFML – Server development, Oblig 1 delivery and presentations 10(23/3): MDE-2 Metamodels, EMF EASTER 11(13/4): MDE-3 Graphical Editors – Sirius Oblig 2 delivery and presentations 12(20/4): MDE-4 Model transformations 13(27/4): SAE-3 Non functional requirements 14(4/5): SAE-4 Service modeling - Oblig 3 delivery and presentations 15(11/5): MDE-5: EA and DSL examples – future MDE 16(18/5): Conclusion – preparation for the exam

4. Telecom and Informatics 4 Next Lecture, February 2, 2015 MDE-1 Method Engineering, Essence, Process/Practices, Agile/Lean – Symphonical Method Engineering, Essence, Process/Practices, Agile/Lean – Symphonical Guest Lecture – Prof. Dr. Peter Lindgren, Aarhus University – on Business Model Cube and Sensing Business Models Discussion of OBLIGS 1 and 2

5. Telecom and Informatics 5 INF5120 - Obligs- 2015 1 (19/1): Introduction – Presentation of teaching assistants 2 (26/1): Strategyzer demo, Oblig 1&2 intro, establish groups 3: (2/2): Symphonical demo 4 (9/2): MagicDraw and Cameo Enterprise demo, Group: BMC/VPC, Symphonical plan 5 (16/2): Smaply demo, Group: BPMN, UML 6 (23/2): Balsamiq demo, Group: Smaply 7 (2/3): Symphonical/MD&Cameo, Group: Balsamiq 8 (9/3): IFML and Webratio and Mobile App development demo, Oblig 2 intro 9 (16/3): Webratio II, Oblig 1 delivery and presentations 10(23/3): EMF and Sirius demo EASTER 11(13/4): Sirius demo II, Oblig 2 delivery and presentations 12(20/4): Sirius support 13(27/4): Sirius support 14(4/5): Oblig 3 delivery and presentations 15(11/5): Oblig 3 discussions, Earlier exams 16(18/5): Earlier exams

6. Telecom and Informatics Course components 6 Model Driven Engineering (MDE)-3 Business Architecture Engineering (BAE)-1 Software/System Architecture Engineering (SAE)-2 "SenseIT" 3 OBLIGS

7. Telecom and Informatics Course parts 7 Business Architecture Engineering BAE-1 (26/1): Business Architecture – Business Model Canvas - Strategyzer tool. BAE-2: (9/2) BA and BPMN process, VDML and BMC with Strategyzer, MagicDraw BAE-3 (16/2): Service Innovation and Service Design, AT ONE, Smaply - Customer Journey BAE-4: (23/2): User experience and Touchpoints/UI Design – Balsamiq/WebRatio BAE-5: (2/3): Agile User stories and Use cases 2.0, Backlog, with MD/Symphonical o.a. System/Software Architecture Engineering SAE-1 (9/3): IFML and WebRatio for Mobile App development SAE-2 (13/4): Domain/Information/Ontology modeling, UML, ISO 19103 SAE-3 (27/4): Non Functional requirements – OCL and PLanguage SAE-4 (4/5): UML Service Modeling, ServiceML,SoaML, UML 2.0 Composition, MagicDraw Model Driven Engineering MDE-1 (2/2): Method Engineering, SPEM/EPF, ISO 24744, ESSENCE - Symphonical, IJI MDE-2 (23/3): Model driven engineering – Metamodels, DSL, UML Profiles, EMF MDE-3 (13/4): DSLs – Graphical and Lexical Editors, Eclipse Sirius etc. MDE-4 (20/4): Model driven engineering, transformation technologies, MOFScript, ATL MDE-5 (11/5): Enterprise Architecture, TOGAF, UPDM, SysML – DSLs etc.

8. Telecom and Informatics Motivation: Business Analysis and Service and Interaction Design – as cooperative disciplines for System Development and Software Engineering Software Engineering should not happen in isolation – Requirements Engineering needs to be strongly linked to the disciplines of Business Analysis/Business Engineering and Service and Interaction Design. We will learn how we can work with the tools and techniques of Business Analysts (i.e. Business Model and Value Proposition Canvas) and Service and Interaction Designers (Service Design) – to ensure the best possible synergy effects between these and software and requirements engineering tools and techniques. 8

9. Telecom and Informatics 9 > 1 million copies sold 30 languages

10. Telecom and Informatics The Business Model Canvas Businss Model Innovation

11. Telecom and Informatics Strategyzer (Osterwalder) 11

12. Telecom and Informatics Value Proposition Canvas 12 Value needs Value offer (Opportunity) (Requirements)

13. Telecom and Informatics BMI – Canvases/Models 13

14. Telecom and Informatics Business Model Canvas and Value Proposition Canvas Resources www.strategyzer.com http://www.alexandercowan.com/business-model-canvas- templates/ http://www.alexandercowan.com/business-model-canvas- templates/ BizCanvas App for the iPad … 14

15. Telecom and Informatics Business Model (Definition) A Business Model describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers and captures value. 15

16. Telecom and Informatics Reference examples in the course Concierge: A company with a system/service that offers advice and recommendations to people with respect to current and upcoming events, concerts, exhibitions etc. TravelAdvisor: A company with a system/service that offers advice and booking possibilities to travelers 16

17. Telecom and Informatics Concierge 17

18. Telecom and Informatics TravelAdvisor 18

19. Telecom and Informatics Colours 19

20. Telecom and Informatics Use of colours (not standardised) 1. Relationship This is used with the same colors relating to a particular client/customer segment. 2. Prioritizing This is used to prioritize importance with Green, Yellow & Red markings only. The red notes are distinguished as immediate attention needed. 3. Distinguishing This is a further distinction from the above prioritization by also using a purple note as a higher level purpose (or instructional)note 20

21. Telecom and Informatics Customer Segments 21 The Customer Segments Building Block defines the different groups of people or organizations an enterprise aims to reach and serve Customers comprise the heart of any business model. Without (profitable) customers, no company can survive for long In order to better satisfy customers, a company may group them into distinct segments with common needs, common behaviors, or other attributes. A business model may define one or several large or small Customer Segments An organization must make a conscious decision about which segments to serve and which segments to ignore Once this decision is made, a business model can be carefully designed around a strong understanding of specific customer needs.

22. Telecom and Informatics Value Propositions 22 The Value Propositions Building Block describes the bundle of products and services that create value for a specific Customer Segment The Value Proposition is the reason why customer turn to one company over another. It solves a customer problem or satisfies a customer need. Each Value Proposition consists of a selected bundle of products and/or services that caters to the requirements of a specific Customer Segment. In this sense, Value Proposition is an aggregation, or bundle, of benefits that a company offers customers. Some Value Propositions may be innovative and represent a new or disruptive offer. Others may be similar to existing market offers, but with added features and attributes.

23. Telecom and Informatics Customer Relationships 23 The Customer Relationships Building Block describes the types of relationships a company establishes with specific Customer Segments A company should clarify the type of relationship it wants to establish with each Customer Segment. Relationships can range from personal to automated Customer relationships may be driven by the following motivations: Customer acquisition Customer retention Boosting sales (upselling)

24. Telecom and Informatics Channels 24 The Channels Building Block describes how a company communicates with and reaches its Customer Segments to deliver a Value Proposition Communication, distribution, and sales Channels comprise a company's interface with customers. Channels are customer touch points that play an important role in the customer experience. Channels serve several functions, including: Raising awareness among customers about a company’s products and services Helping customers evaluate a company's Value Proposition Allowing customers to purchase specific products and services Delivering a Value Proposition to customers Providing post-purchase customer support

25. Telecom and Informatics Revenue Streams 25 The Revenue Streams Building Block represents the cash a company generates from each Customer Segment (costs must be subtracted from revenues to create earnings) If customers comprise the heart of a business model, Revenue Streams are its arteries. A company must ask itself, For what value is each Customer Segment truly willing to pay? Successfully answering that question allows the firm to generate one or more Revenue Streams from each Customer Segment. Each Revenue Stream may have different pricing mechanisms, such as fixed list prices, bargaining, auctioning, market dependent, volume dependent, or yield management.

26. Telecom and Informatics Key Resources 26 The most important assets required to make a business model work Every business model requires Key Resources. These resources allow an enterprise to create and offer a Value Proposition, reach markets, maintain relationships with Customer Segments, and earn revenues. Different Key Resources are needed depending on the type of business model. A microchip manufacturer requires capital-intensive production facilities, whereas a microchip designer focuses more on human resources. Key resources can be physical, financial, intellectual, or human. Key resources can be owned or leased by the company or acquired from key partners.

27. Telecom and Informatics Key Partnerships 27 The Key Partnerships Building Block describes the network of suppliers and partners that make the business model work Companies forge partnerships for many reasons, and partnerships are becoming a cornerstone of many business models. Companies create alliances to optimize their business models, reduce risk, or acquire resources. We can distinguish between four different types of partnerships: 1. Strategic alliances between non-competitors 2. Coopetition: strategic partnerships between competitors 3. Joint ventures to develop new businesses 4. Buyer-supplier relationships to assure reliable supplies

28. Telecom and Informatics Key Activities 28 The Key Activities Building Block describes the most important things a company must do to make its business model work Every business model calls for a number of Key Activities. These are the most important actions a company must take to operate successfully. Like Key Resources, they are required to create and offer a Value Proposition, reach markets, maintain Customer Relationships, and earn revenues. And like Key Resources, Key Activities differ depending on business model type. For software maker Microsoft, Key Activities include software development. For PC manufacturer Dell, Key Activities include supply chain management. For consultancy McKinsey, Key Activities include problem solving.

29. Telecom and Informatics Cost Structure 29 The Cost Structure describes all costs incurred to operate a business model This building block describes the most important costs incurred while operating under a particular business model. Creating and delivering value, maintaining Customer Relationships, and generating revenue all incur costs. Such costs can be calculated relatively easily after defining Key Resources, Key Activities, and Key Partnerships. Some business models, though, are more cost-driven than others. So-called "no frills" airlines, for instance, have built business models entirely around low Cost Structures.

30. Telecom and Informatics Business Model Patterns Unbundling Business Models The Long Tail Multi-Sided Platforms Free as a Business Model Open Business Models 30

31. Telecom and Informatics Business Model Design Techniques Customer Insight Ideation Visual Thinking Prototyping Storytelling Scenarios 31

32. Telecom and Informatics Business Model Design Process - Phases Mobilize Understand Design Implement Manage 32

33. Telecom and Informatics 33 October, 2014

34. Telecom and Informatics Value Proposition Canvas 34

35. Telecom and Informatics Customer Profile 35 Use the customer profile to visualize what matters to customers. Specify their jobs, pains, and gains. Communicate the profile across your organization as a one- page actionable document that creates a shared customer understanding. Apply it as a "scoreboard" to track if assumed customer jobs, pains, and gains exist when you talk to real customers.

36. Telecom and Informatics Customer Jobs 36 Jobs describe the things your customers are trying to get done in their work or in their life. A customer job could be the tasks they are trying to perform and complete, the problems they are trying to solve, or the needs they are trying to satisfy. Make sure you take the customer’s perspective when investigating jobs. What you think of as important from your perspective might not be a job customers are actually trying to get done.' Distinguish between three main types of customer jobs to be done and supporting jobs:

37. Telecom and Informatics Customer Jobs 37 Functional jobs When your customers try to perform or complete a specific task or solve a specific problem, for example, mow the lawn, eat healthy as a consumer, write a report, or help clients as a professional. Social jobs When your customers want to look good or gain power or status. These jobs describe how customers want to be perceived by others, for example, look trendy as a consumer or be perceived as competent as a professional. Personal/emotional jobs When your customers seek a specific emotional state, such as feeling good or secure, for example, seeking peace of mind regarding one's investments as a consumer or achieving the feeling of job security at one's workplace.

38. Telecom and Informatics Customer Jobs 38 Supporting jobs Customers also perform supporting jobs in the context of purchasing and consuming value ether as consumers or as professionals. These jobs arise from three different roles: BUYER OF VALUE: jobs related to buying value, such as comparing offers, deciding which, products to buy, standing in a checkout line, completing a purchase, or taking delivery of a product or service.. COCREATOR OF VALUE: jobs related to cocreating value with your organization, such as posting product reviews and feedback or even participating in the design of a product or service. TRANSFERRER OF VALUE: jobs related to the end of a value proposition's life cycle, such as canceling a subscription, disposing of a product transferring it to others, or reselling it.

39. Telecom and Informatics Job Context 39 Customer jobs often depend on the specific context in which they are performed. The context may impose certain constraints or limitations. For example, calling somebody on the fly is different when you are traveling on a train than when you are driving a car. Likewise, going to the movies with your kids is different than going with your partner.

40. Telecom and Informatics Job Importance 40 It is important to acknowledge that not al/jobs have the same importance to your customer. Some matter more in a customer's work or life because failing to get them done could have serious ramifications. Some are insignificant because the customer cares about other things more. Sometimes a customer will deem a job crucial because it occurs frequently or because it will result in a desired or unwanted outcome.

41. Telecom and Informatics Customer Gains 41 Gains describe the outcomes and benefits your customers want. Some gains ore required, expected, or desired by customers. and some would surprise them. Gains include functional utility. social gains, positive emotions. and cost savings Seek to idenify fourtypes of customer gains in terms of outcomes and benefits. Required gains These are gains without which a solution wouldn’t work. For example. the most basic expectation that we have from smartphones is that we can make a call with it. Expected gains These are relatively basic gains that we expect from a solution. Even if it could work without them. For example. since Apple launched the iPhone. We expect phones to be well- designed and look good. Desired gains These are gains that go beyond what we expect from a solution but would love to have if we could. These are usually gains that customers would come up with if you asked them For example. We desire smartphones to be seamlessly integrated with our other devices.

42. Telecom and Informatics Gains 42 Unexpected gains These are gains that go beyond customer expectations and desires. They wouldn't even come up with them if you asked them. Before Apple brought touch screens and the App Store to the mainstream. nobody really thought of them as part of a phone Gain relevance A customer gain can feel essential or nice to have. Just like pains can feel extreme or moderate to them. Tip: Make gains concrete. As with pains. it's better to describe gains as concretely as possible to clearly differentiate jobs. pains. and gains from one another. Ask how much they'd expect or dream of when a customer indicates "better performance" as a desired gain. That way you can note "would love an increased performance of more than x." When you understand how exactly customers measure gains (i.e., outcomes and benefits). you can design better gain creators in your value proposition.

43. Telecom and Informatics Trigger questions – Gains: 43 Which savings would make your customers happy? Which savings in terms of time, money, and effort would they value' What quality levels do they expect. and what would they wish for more or less of? How do current value propositions delight your customers? Which specific features do they enjoy? What performance and quality do they expect? What would make your customers’ jobs or lives easier? Could there be a flatter learning curve, more services. or lower costs of ownership? What positive social consequences do your customers desire? What makes them look good? What increases their power or their status' What are customers looking for most? Are they searching for good design. guarantees, specific or more features? What do customers dream about? What do they aspire to achieve, or what would be a big relief to them? How do your customers measure success and failure? How do they gauge performance or cost? What would increase your customers’ likelihood of adopting a value proposition? Do they desire lower cost. less investment. lower risk. or better quality?

44. Telecom and Informatics Customer Pains 44 Pains describe anything that annoys your customers before, during, and after trying to get a job done or simply prevents them from getting a job don Pains also describe risks, that is, potential bad outcomes, related to getting a job done badly or not at all. Seek to identify three types of customer pains and how severe customers find them: Undesired outcomes, problems, and characteristics Pains ore functional (e.g.. a solution doesn't work, doesn't work well. or hos negative side effects), social ("I look bad doing this..” ), emotional ("I feel bod every time I do this"), or ancillary (.. It's annoying to go to the store for this.. ). This may also involve undesired choroctenst1cs customers don’t like (e.g., "Running at the gym is boring," or This design is ugly").

45. Telecom and Informatics Risks (undesired potential outcomes) 45 What could go wrong and have important negative consequences (e.g. "I might lose credibility when using this type of solution." or "A security breach would be disastrous for us"). Pain severity A customer pam con be extreme or moderate. similar to how jobs can be important or ms1gn1f1cant to the customer Tip: Make pains concrete. To clearly differenciate iobs. pains. and gains.describe them as concrete as possible. For example. when a customer soils "waiting in line was a waste of time. ask afte how many minutes exactly it began to feel like wasted time. That way you can note “wasting more than x minutes standing in line” When you understand how exactly customers measure pain severity, you can design better pain relievers in your value proposition

46. Telecom and Informatics Trigger Questions think of different potential customer pains: 46 How do your customers define too costly? Takes a lot of time, costs too much money or requires substantial efforts? What makes your customers feel bad? What are their frustrations. annoyances. or things that give them a headache? How ore current value proposition underperforming for your customers? Which features are they missing? Are there performance issues that annoy them or malfunctions they cite? What are the main difficulties and challenges your customers encounter? Do they understand how things work. have difficulties getting certain things done. or resist particular Jobs for specific reasons? What negative social consequences do your customers encounter or fear? Are they afraid of a loss of face, power. trust, or status? What risks do your customers fear? Are they afraid of financial. social, or technical risks. or are they asking themselves what could go wrong? What's keeping your customers awake at night? What are their big issues. concerns. and worries? What common mistakes do your customers make? Are they using of solution the wrong way? What barriers ore keeping your customers from adopting a value proposition? Are there upfront investment costs. a steep learning curve. Or other obstacles preventing adoption ?

47. Telecom and Informatics 47

48. Telecom and Informatics Products and Services 48 This is simply a list of what you offer. Think of it as all the items your customer can see in your shop window-- metaphorically speaking. It's enumeration of all the products and services your value proposition builds on This bundle of products and services help your customers complete either functional, social, or emotional jobs or help them satisfy basic needs. It is crucial to acknowledge that products and services don't create value alone-only in relationship to a specific customer segment and their jobs, pains, and gains.

49. Telecom and Informatics Products and Services (Cont’d) 49 Your list of products and services may also include supporting ones that help your customers perform the roles of: buyer (those that help customers compare offers, decide, and buy), co-creator (those that help customs co-design value propositions), and transferrer (those that help customers dopose of a product).

50. Telecom and Informatics Products and Services (cont’d) 50 Your value proposition is likely to be composed of various types of products and services: Physical/tangible Goods, such as manufactured products. Intangible Products such as copyrights or services such as after-sales assistance Digital Products such as music downloads or services such as online recommendations Financial Products such as investment funds and insurances or services such as the financing of a purchase. Relevance It is essential to acknowledge that not all products and services have the same relevance to your customers. Some products and services are essential to your value proposition. some are merely nice to hove.

51. Telecom and Informatics Pain Relievers 51 Pain relievers describe how exactly you products and services alleviate specific customer pains. They explicitly outline how you intend to eliminate or reduce some of the things that annoy your customers before, during, or after they are trying to complete a job or that prevent them from doing so. Great value propositions focus on pains that matter to customers, in particular extreme pains. You don't need to come up with a pain reliever for every pain you’ve identified in the customer profile- no value proposition can do this. Great value propositions often focus only on few pains that they alleviate extremely well.

52. Telecom and Informatics Trigger questions – help alleviate pains 52 Ask yourself: Could your products and services … produce savings? In terms of time, money, or efforts. make your customers feel better? By killing frustrations, annoyances. and other things that give customers a headache fix underperforming solutions? By introducing new features. better performance. or enhanced quality put an end to difficulties and challenges your customers encounter? By making things easier or eliminating obstacles wipe out negative social consequences your customers encounter or fear? In terms of loss of face or lost power. trust. or status. eliminate risks your customers fear? In terms of financial, social. technical risks. or things that could potentially go wrong. help your customers better sleep at night? By addressing significant issues. Diminishing concerns or eliminating worries. limit or eradicate common mistakes customers make? By helping them use a solution the right way Eliminating barries that are keeping your customer from adoptong value propostions? etc

53. Telecom and Informatics Relevance 53 A pain reliever can be more or less valuable to the customer. Make sure you differentiate between essential pain relievers and ones that are nice to have The former relieve extreme issues, often in a radical way and create a lot of value. The latter merely relieve moderate pain.

54. Telecom and Informatics Gain Creators 54 Gain creators describe how your product and services create customer gains. They explicitly outline how you intend to produce outcomes and benefits that your customer expects, desires, or would be surprised by, including functional utility, social gains, positive emotions, and cost savings. As with pain relievers, gain creators don't need to address every gain identified in the customer profile. Focus on those that are relevant to customers and where your products and services can make a difference.

55. Telecom and Informatics Gain creator – trigger questions 55 create savings that please your customers? In terms of time. money, and effort. produce outcomes your customers expect or that exceed their expectations? By offering quality levels. more of something, or less of something. outperform current value propositions and delight your customers? Regarding specific features. performance, or quality. make your customers’ work or life easier? Via better usability. accessibility, more services or lower cost of ownership. create positive social consequences? By making them look good or producing an increase in power or status do something specific that customers are looking for? In terms of good design, guarantees or specific or more features. fulfill a desire customers dream about? By helping them achieve their aspirations or getting relief from a hardship? produce positive outcomes matching your customers· success and failure criteria? In terms of better performance or lower cost. help make adoption easier? Through lower cost, fewer investments. lower risk, better quality, improved performance. or better design.

56. Telecom and Informatics Test card with measurements (for hypothesis) 56

57. Telecom and Informatics Learning Card (Observations and actions related to hypothesis) 57

58. Telecom and Informatics Strategyzer interface 58 Add people Add canvas