1. The main source of collection of data in the medial field:
Presentation of data
The main source of collection of data in the medial field:
Experiments
Data from Physiology, Pharmacolgy and clinical pathology lab, hospital ward, fundamental research etc
Surveys
Data of incidence/prevalence of health or disease situation in a community such as incidence of malaria or prevalence of leprosy etc
Records
Records are maintained as a routine in register or books over along period of time for still birth, death etc. Data are collected from these records.

2. In the presentation of data some important points should be kept in mind :
They should be accurate and complete
When we make them concise they should not lose their details.
They should be simple and meaningful and at the same time they should create interest in the reader.
Below the table or picture, few points of explanation may be needed most of the times.
They should be helpful in further analysis.

3. Methods of presentation of data
Tabulation of data
Diagrammatic presentation

4. Objectives of tabulation:
Tabulation of data
A statistical table is a systematic organisation of data in columns and rows in accordance with some characteristics. Tabulation is the process of presenting data in tables.
Objectives of tabulation:
To clarify the object of investigation.
To simplify complex data.
To facilitate comparison

5. Rules for Tabulation of data
Construction of a good statistical table is a specialized art and requires great skill, experience and common sense.
The table should be simple and compact
All title, subtitle, caption etc should be arrange in a systemic manner.
The unit of measurement should be clearly defined in the table.
A table should be complete and self-explanatory.
A table should be attractive to draw attention of readers.
Accurate statistical analysis should be done.
Abbreviation should be avoided
Big table should be avoided.

6. Number & Title of the table Row Heading Caption Total
Parts of tabulation
Table number
Title
Caption
Headings of columns and rows
Body of the table
Foot-note
Number & Title of the table
Row Heading
Caption
Total
Col. Heading
Row sub heading
Body

7. Example: Tabulation of data
Table 2: Effects of propranolol on blood pressure in human
Group
Blood pressure
Systolic BP
Diastolic BP
MAP
Control (n=10)
210+40
100+24
74+29
Propranolol treated (n=20)
120+30
65+20
60+23
t/p value (upaired t-test)
Control vs propranolol
4.23/0.01
3.12/0.02
2.13/0.05
Data are presented as mean+SD. Unpaired t-test was done as the test of significance. *p<0.05, **p<0.01.

8. Simple table: Population of major countries in the world Country
Types of Tables
Simple and complex tables
General purpose (reference table) and special purpose tables (eg., record of government).
Simple table: Population of major countries in the world
Country
Population (in millions)
China
1350
India
1000
USA
250
Russia
150

9. Graphical presentation of data
A diagram is a visual form for presentation of data. Complicated data through a diagram or graph can easily be understood. It is convincing to the eye and mind.
Importance of diagrams:
They are attractive and impressive.
They save time and labour to understand
They make data simple.
They make comparison easy
They provide more information than table

10. Types of diagram
Line diagram.
bar diagram (simple & multiple)
Pie diagram
Histogram
Scatter

11. Graphical presentation of data
Limitations of diagrams:
Diagram shows only approximate value.
They can not be analysed further
All details can not be presented diagrammatically.
To draw a table is easy but construction of a diagram is not so easy.
If there is wide gap between 2 different measurements, the diagram will not give a meaningful look. eg., 10 and 900 can not be shown in a diagram.