1. Nonverbal Communication 60% of our communication is NONverbal!

2. Four functions of NV Comm. To complement the verbal message To emphasize the verbal message To replace the verbal message To contradict the verbal message “I’m so happy!”

3. NonVERBAL vs. NonVOCAL Nonverbal & Nonvocal – no words, no voice (ex. Slumping in chair, sleeping) Nonverbal & Vocal – no words, but voice (ex. Humming, laughing, clearing throat) Verbal & Nonvocal – words with no voice (ex. Writing an email, texting) Verbal & Vocal – words and voice (singing, talking)

4. Understanding Nonverbal Language Body Language Facial expressions Can help to show a person’s feelings (either for reinforcement or as a substitute) Can emphasize or contradict verbal language Eye Contact Can indicate honesty, sincerity Can demonstrate the intensity of interest

5. Understanding Nonverbal Language Body Language Gestures Can replace words in certain messages Can emphasize meaning of verbal language Can add to meaning during descriptions (EXERCISE: “Living Hand to Mouth” + video) Posture The way you hold your body when you walk or the way you sit makes a statement about you! Can convey attitude

6. Understanding Nonverbal Language Body Language Movement The way a person moves makes a statement Can enhance the impression you want to make or the message you intend to convey

7. Five Classes of NV Movement Emblems Nonverbal behaviors that directly translate words or phrases (an “okay” sign) Illustrators Nonverbal behaviors that literally illustrate the verbal message (giving directions) Affect Displays Facial movements that convey emotional meaning (a smile when happy)

8. Five Classes of NV Movement Regulators Nonverbal behaviors that maintain, monitor, or control another individual’s speech (waving for “hurry” etc.) Adapters Nonverbal behaviors that satisfy some personal need (scratching an itch) (Kevin James clip)

9. Understanding Nonverbal Language Paralanguage Vocal variations Pitch & Volume Rate & Quality or tone of voice Speaker's use of pauses Indicate uncertainty Create suspense (or humor) Speaker’s use of extraneous words “uh”s and “um”s Contribute no information to the verbal message

10. Understanding Nonverbal Language Environment Color Reds, yellows, oranges have a stimulating effect Blues, greens, and beiges seem cool, peaceful and neutral Black seems sophisticated White seems innocent, pure

11. Understanding Nonverbal Language Environment Lighting Low light tends to create a relaxed atmosphere Bright lighting causes interaction

12. Understanding Nonverbal Language Space (Proxemics) Intimate Space (0-18”) Personal Space (18”-4’) Social Space (4’-12’) Public Space (12’-beyond) Intimate Space Personal Space Social & Public Space

13. Understanding Nonverbal Language Space (Proxemics) Our use of space is a form of communication Influences on space communication include status, culture, context, subject matter, sex and age, positive and negative evaluation

14. Understanding Nonverbal Language Territoriality The claiming of space, sometimes illegitimately, for private use Territorial encroachment Violation – unwarranted use of another’s territory (using someone’s office) Invasion – entering another’s territory inappropriately (parent entering a teen dance) Contamination – creating an impurity of someone’s territory (smoking in my car)

15. Understanding Nonverbal Language Territoriality Reactions to encroachment Turf defense Insulation Linguistic collusion Withdrawal Territory markers Central markers – use of objects to reserve (coat over chair) Boundary markers – physical objects to establish boundaries (grocery store bar) Earmarkers – identifying marks to indicate possession (initialed briefcase)

16. Understanding Nonverbal Language Haptics The study of touch The meanings of touch Positive affect Playfulness Control Ritual Task relatedness Touch avoidance Difference in touch behaviors Gender Culture

17. Nonverbal Symbols Symbols worn make a statement about who we are Examples of symbols: Jewelry Clothing Tattoos Sports memorabilia (EXERCISE: “Message About Me” t-shirts)