1. Essentials of Human Communication, 7th Edition
Joseph A. DeVito Hunter College of the City University of New York
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2. Chapter Five: Nonverbal Communication
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Chapter Five Goals
Use nonverbal messages to communicate in a variety of ways
Use appropriate and effective types of nonverbal communication
Communicate appropriately based on gender and culture
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4. Which of the following statements do you think are true?
Nonverbal communication conveys more meaning than verbal communication.
Liars avoid eye contact.
Studying nonverbal communication will enable you to detect lying.
Unlike verbal communication, nonverbal communication is universal throughout the world.
When verbal and nonverbal messages contradict each other, it’s wise to believe the nonverbal.
Instructor Notes: None of these are true. This slide is intended to have students review their own beliefs about nonverbal communication. These statements represent popular myths about nonverbal communication.
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5. Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Integration with verbal messages
Forming impressions
Defining relationships
Structuring conversation
Influencing and deceiving
Expressing emotions
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6. Channels of Nonverbal Communication: Body Communication
Body Movements
Emblems
Illustrators
Affect displays
Regulators
Adaptors
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“OK” sign
Emblem
Hands far apart when talking of something large
Illustration
Expressions of happiness
Affect display
Hand signaling “slow down”
Regulator
Scratching your head
Adaptor
What are some other examples?
See Table 5.2
EMBLEMS directly translate words or phrases; they are especially culture specific.
ILLUSTRATORS accompany and literally “illustrate” verbal messages.
AFFECT DISPLAYS communicate emotional meaning. Expressions of happiness, surprise, fear, anger, sadness,disgust/contempt
REGULATORS monitor, maintain, or control thespeech of another.
ADAPTORS satisfy some need. Scratching your head
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Body Appearance
Height/weight
Race/nationality
Attractiveness
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Facial Communication
Happiness
Surprise
Fear
Anger
Sadness
Disgust
Contempt
Interest
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Eye Communication
Duration
Direction
Quality and Quantity
Avoidance
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11. Spatial Communication
Intimate space: 0 – 18 inches
Personal space: 18”– 4 feet
Social space: 4’ – 12’
Public space: 12’ and beyond
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12. Skill Development Experience: Sitting at a Company Meeting
Ask students to indicate which seat they would choose for the following objectives:
1. You want to ingratiate yourself with your boss.
2. You aren’t prepared and want to be ignored.
3. You want to challenge the boss’s proposal that is scheduled to come up for a vote.
4. You want to get to know better the person at seat number 7.
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Territoriality
“possessiveness of primary, secondary, or public space”
Central markers: reserves a space
Boundary markers: sets space between your space and others’
Earmarkers: identifies one’s possessions
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14. Artifactual Communication
“communicating through objects and arrangements”
Color
Clothing and body adornment
Space decoration
Smell communication
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Touch Communication
Meanings of Touch
Positive emotions
Playfulness
Control
Ritual
Task-Related
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Touch Avoidance
People avoid touch for a number of reasons:
Age
Culture
Gender
Self-image
Many factors enter into a person’s willingness to touch and be touched by others.
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Paralanguage
Rate, volume, pitch, and rhythm of speaking
Vocal dimensions of speech
Judgments about people
Judgments about communication effectiveness
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Functions of Silence
Time to think, prepare
Signal importance of a message
Used as a weapon
Behavior/Response to personal anxiety
Communicate emotional responses
Nothing to say
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Time Communication
Time orientation
Monochronic time orientation
Polychronic time orientation
Social clock
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20. Culture, Gender, and Nonverbal Communication
Gestures
Facial expression and eye movements
Colors
Touch
Paralanguage and silence
Time
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21. Decoding Nonverbal Messages
Be tentative
Be mindful of judgments
Consider all message channels
Be aware that you could be wrong
Consider cultural conditions
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22. Encoding Nonverbal Messages
Keep verbal and nonverbal messages consistent
Monitor your own nonverbal messages
Avoid extremes and monotony
Consider the situation
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End Show
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