1. Light Search & Rescue Operations

2. Cell Phones, Pagers, etc. Please turn to OFF, VIBRATE, or SILENT

3. Search And Rescue - (SAR) Begins with a personal assessment –Family –Friends –Co-workers Two separate functions –Search –Rescue

4. Components of SAR Tools –Availability –Needs of the incident Rescuers –Trained personnel –Volunteers Time –GOLDEN DAY TOOLS TIME RESCUERS

5. First 24-hour period following a disaster victims have an 80% chance of survival if rescued. GOLDEN DAY

6. Equipment Crowbars Auto jacks Chain Saws 2X4 & 4X4 Posts Campers/Trailers Motorcycles Bicycles Generators

7. Personnel Resources Neighborhood –Firefighters –Police –Nurse –MD –Plumbers –Contractors –Carpenters Workplace –Skills –Hobbies Military Experience –Heavy Equipment

8. SAR Goal Rescue the greatest number of people in the shortest amount of time. Rescue lightly trapped victims first.

9. Types of Occupancies Construction Types –Safety Considerations Use –Determine Risk –Occupant Load Create an Action Plan

10. Size-up - Continuous analysis of facts Time of Day Day of Week Occupancy Type Weather –Rescue complications –Affect on victims & rescuers

11. Size-up - Construction Type Wood Framed Masonry Concrete Tilt-up Steel (High-Rise) Pre-1933

12. General Hazards Electrical Natural gas Water Hazardous Materials Biological Hazards

13. Structural Damage Categories LIGHT –Safe to enter and remain MODERATE –Hazardous to enter –Enter only to save lives HEAVY –Unsafe for CERT trained members to enter –Contact professional rescuers

14. Light Damage Superficial Cosmetics Fallen plaster Small cracks Primary damage to contents of structure

15. Moderate Damage Structural stability questionable Fractures greater than 1/4” Significant Tilting Foundation Movement or Displacement

16. Heavy Damage  Partial or total wall collapse  Ceiling failure  Obvious structural instability  X-cracking  Partial or total wall collapse  Ceiling failure  Obvious structural instability  X-cracking

17. X - CRACKING Questionable Stability Don’t enter Beware of the impact zone

18. Size-up Discussion

19. Single Family Home - Pre-1933  Foundation Movement –Not bolted down –Cripple wall failure  Utilities –Utility lines shear when home moves off foundation  Porches –Attached parts of homes will detach  Moderate damage expected