1. Reilly Jobkar and Mary Ruggieri
Reptiles
Reilly Jobkar and Mary Ruggieri

2. Reptiles Domain- Eukaryote Kingdom- Animalia Phylum- Chordata
Subphylum- Vertebrate
Class- Reptilia

3. Evolutionary History Evolved 300 mya From amphibians
Sharp teeth, claws and strong jaws
Hunted insects for food

4. Evolutionary History 300 different genuses of dinosaurs
Adapted to environmental conditions
65 mya mass extinction
#1 hypothesis- asteroid
Only 4 orders survived

5. Reptilian Traits Dry, scaly, waterproof skin Amniotic Egg Lungs
Ectotherms
Molt/shed their skin

6. Water-tight Skin Decreases water loss
Protects against wear, tear & infections
Made of keratin
Thick protein
Lipids repel H20

7. 4 Orders of Modern Reptiles
Chelonian
Crocodilia
Squamata
Rynchocephalia

8. Order: Chelonian Traits 250 species of turtles & tortoises Beak
No Teeth
Oviparity
Lay eggs in sand or soil

9. Chelonian 3. Two shells and scutes Carapace- Top dome-like
Vertebrae fused to shell
Ribs form off of vertebrae
Plastron- lower ventral shell
Protects internal organs

10. Chelonian 4. Body shape & adaptations Aquatic turtles
Flat disk-like shell
Webbed feet for swimming
Terrestrial tortoises
Dome shaped shell
Feet are scaled and clawed

11. Order: Crocodilia 21 species crocodiles, alligators, caimans & gavials
Large heavy armored
Carnivorous
Oviparity
Lay eggs in nest
Mother cares for young

12. Order: Squamata 5500 species of lizards and snakes Lizards Carnivorous
Lower jaw loosely attached to skull
Agile, quick & camouflaged
Can detach and regrow tail

13. Squamata Snakes No legs Long backbone 100-400 vertebrae
Ribs off of each vertebrae
vertebrae
Can pop lower jaw to eat
1000’s of muscles for movement

14. Squamata Constriction Injection of venom Coil around prey
Suffocates to death
Injection of venom
Hemotoxins- affects blood
Neurotoxins- affects nerves

15. Squamata Fangs Elapids Vipers Back of throat In front of mouth
Retractable on roof of mouth
Ex. Copperheads and Rattlesnakes

16. Order: Rhynchocephalia
2 living species of Tuataras
New Zealand
Third eye
Sun detector
Crest of head
Hunt insects at night

17. Respiratory System Purpose Made up of
Exchange Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide between the animal and the environment
Made up of
Lungs
Alveoli (air sacs that make up lungs)
Increase surface area

18. Respiratory System (Continued)
Mechanics
Diaphragm moves and rib cage expands with inhalation
Contracts with exhalation

19. Snake Respiratory Variation
Larger right lung (1/2 length of body) and small nonfunctioning left lung

20. Excretory System Purpose
Remove nitrogenous wastes
Reptile urine is very concentrated with ammonia
Includes- Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder

21. Digestive System Purpose One way system
Break down food into usable molecules
One way system
Mouth to Anus
Includes- Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach, Small and Large Intestines, and Anus
Also includes Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas

22. Circulatory System Two loop system Systemic loop Pulmonary loop
Heart to body to heart
Pulmonary loop
Heart to lungs to heart

23. Circulatory System (Continued)
3 chambered heart (2 Atria and 1 Ventricle)
Lizards
Snakes
Turtles
4 chambered heart (2 Atria and 2 Ventricles)
Crocodiles
Alligators
Can be partial or full

24. Nervous System Sight Hearing Larger eyes=better sight
Tympanic membrane
Except snakes
Snakes use lower jaw to detect vibrations

25. Nervous System (Continued)
Smell
Jacobson’s organ
Located on roof of mouth
Brings in scents by using tongue
All reptiles have nares except crocodiles and alligators
Pits
Small openings under eyes detect heat given off by prey

26. Nervous System (Continued)
Brain
Same size as amphibians’
Larger cerebrum and optic nerve

27. Thermoregulation (Ectotherms)
Cold blooded- Use sun to regulate body temperature
Reptiles and Amphibians
Require less energy (1/10 of food)
Cannot live in cold environments (without hibernation)
Not very active

28. Thermoregulation (Endotherms)
Warm blooded- Regulate body temperature through metabolism
Mammals and Birds
Lots of energy
Need large quantities of food
Can live anywhere
Very active

29. Reproduction (Oviparity)
Most reptiles, all birds, and 3 species of Mammals
Shell formed in reproductive tract
Laid outside of body

30. Reproduction (Ovoviviparity)
Some reptiles
Shell is retained in female
Young hatch while inside cloaca

31. Reproduction (Viviparity)
Most mammals
Female releases egg- internal fertilization
Mother houses, protects, and feeds young
Young is fed via placenta

32. Amniotic Egg Adaptations
Prevents embryo from drying out
Prevents accumulation of wastes
Supplies nutrients for growth and protection
Supplies oxygen and water for cellular activities

33. Amniotic Egg Structure and Function
Shell
Protection and prevents water loss
Tough and leathery
Air Sac
Breathing room while hatching
Albumen
Stores protein and water
White

34. Amniotic Egg Structure and Function (Continued)
Allantois
Stores nitrogenous waste
Exchanges Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
Yolk Sac
Contains nutrients and fats
Amnion
Thin membrane that encloses embryo
Contains floating liquid

35. Amniotic Egg Structure and Function (Continued)
Chorion
Protects embryo and vital parts

36. Interactive Links http://www.biologycorner.com/quiz/qz_reptiles.html
ive1.htm

37. Videos

38. Works Cited
All information was gathered from notes

39. Thanks for Watching! :D