1. Sedimentary Rocks Uluru, Australia

2. Grand Canyon, Arizona

3. White Cliffs of Dover, England

4. Pyramids of Giza in Eqypt

6. Sedimentary Rock Examples Sandstone made from medium sediment, sand Conglomerate made from large sediments, pebbles Shale made from small sediments, clay and silt

7. Sedimentary Rock Examples Bituminous Coal, fossil fuel burned for energy, organic Limestone found in Harrisonburg, used for buildings, contains calcite, dissolves in acid =caves

8. Sedimentary Rock Composition  Sediments (anything that settles out of water)  Fragments of other rocks  Plant and animal remains  Minerals that settle out of solution. (Some minerals can dissolve in water or acids, when the acid or water is gone, the minerals are left behind to form rocks.)  Sediments (anything that settles out of water)  Fragments of other rocks  Plant and animal remains  Minerals that settle out of solution. (Some minerals can dissolve in water or acids, when the acid or water is gone, the minerals are left behind to form rocks.) Grand Canyon, Arizona

9. Sedimentary Rock Formation 1) Clastic Rock  Formed from fragments of other rock  Compacted (pressed together) and cemented (“glued”) together over time  Minerals are the “glue” that cement clastic sedimentary rocks  Categorized by grain size  Clay (Smallest Grain Size)  Silt  Sand  Gravel  Pebble (Largest Grain Size) 1) Clastic Rock  Formed from fragments of other rock  Compacted (pressed together) and cemented (“glued”) together over time  Minerals are the “glue” that cement clastic sedimentary rocks  Categorized by grain size  Clay (Smallest Grain Size)  Silt  Sand  Gravel  Pebble (Largest Grain Size)

10. Sedimentary Rocks Shale  Conglomerate  Examples of Clastic Rocks : Sandstone 

11. Sedimentary Rock Formation 2) Chemical Rock precipitate out of solution  Limestone  Rock salt  Rock gypsum 3) Organic Rock  Plant & animal remains  Limestone  Chalk  Coal 2) Chemical Rock precipitate out of solution  Limestone  Rock salt  Rock gypsum 3) Organic Rock  Plant & animal remains  Limestone  Chalk  Coal

12. Sedimentary Rock Features 1) Stratification  Layers of different sediment  Most common Sedimentary rock feature 1) Stratification  Layers of different sediment  Most common Sedimentary rock feature Youngest layer is at the top Oldest layer is on the bottom

13. Sedimentary Rock Features 2) Fossils  Evidence of living things  Organisms get buried in the layers of sediment  3 types: Trace, imprint, replacement 2) Fossils  Evidence of living things  Organisms get buried in the layers of sediment  3 types: Trace, imprint, replacement

14. Fossils

15. Aquatic (water) organisms are the most common type of fossil

16. Sedimentary Rock Features 3) Ripple marks  Water or wind action in sand preserved in sandstone  Can be seen on the surface of a bedding plane 3) Ripple marks  Water or wind action in sand preserved in sandstone  Can be seen on the surface of a bedding plane

17. Ripple Marks in Sand Ripple Marks in Sandstone

18. Sedimentary Rock Features 4) Mud cracks  Form as mud dries and gets preserved as a rock 4) Mud cracks  Form as mud dries and gets preserved as a rock Mud Cracks

19. 5) Geode Spheres of silica rock crystals contained within limestone rock.

20. SEDIMENTARY ROCK  CLASTIC  Rock fragments  Compacted and cemented together  Grain size  Silt  Clay  Sand  Gravel  CLASTIC  Rock fragments  Compacted and cemented together  Grain size  Silt  Clay  Sand  Gravel

21. SEDIMENTARY ROCK  CHEMICAL  Minerals precipitate out of solution  Examples:  Limestone  Rock salt  Rock gypsum  CHEMICAL  Minerals precipitate out of solution  Examples:  Limestone  Rock salt  Rock gypsum

22. SEDIMENTARY ROCK  ORGANIC  Plant and animal remains  Examples include:  Bituminous coal  Limestone  Chalk  ORGANIC  Plant and animal remains  Examples include:  Bituminous coal  Limestone  Chalk

23. SEDIMENTARY ROCK  SEDIMENTARY FEATURES:  Stratification (layers)  Fossils  Ripple marks  Mud cracks  Geodes  SEDIMENTARY FEATURES:  Stratification (layers)  Fossils  Ripple marks  Mud cracks  Geodes

24. Sedimentary Rock Lab  Set up your field notebook (Include TITLE)  Rotate independently between the 16 stations set up around the room  Start with whichever station number you are located  Round 1: You will have 1 minute at each station  Do not switch to the next station until told to do so  Round 2: You may go back to any unoccupied station, if needed  Set up your field notebook (Include TITLE)  Rotate independently between the 16 stations set up around the room  Start with whichever station number you are located  Round 1: You will have 1 minute at each station  Do not switch to the next station until told to do so  Round 2: You may go back to any unoccupied station, if needed

25. StratificationStratification

26. StratificationStratification Sedimentary Rocks