2. Quiz review for Weathering & Sedimentary Rocks

3. Where does sedimentary rock almost always form?

4. UNDER WATER

5. For any rock to become sedimentary rock, what process must happen to it first?

6. It must be weathered into small pieces or a chemical solution

7. What are clasts?

8. Small bits and pieces of weathered rock

9. What is Clastic sedimentary rock?

10. Rock made of bits and pieces of other rocks

11. A Clastic sedimentary rock composed mostly of sand is called ________.

12. Sandstone

13. What is weathering?

14. The natural breakdown of rock

15. What are the 3 types of weathering?

16. Mechanical Biological Chemical

17. How do we know mechanical weathering?

18. Movement that is not caused by plants or animals

19. How does “abrasion?” wear away rock?

20. Water or wind rubs particles of sediment against the rocks to wear them down

21. . Does air or water abrasion do more weathering?

22. WATER

23. . What is exfoliation?

24. Rock peeling off in layers

25. What causes exfoliation?

26. Daily temperature changes

27. . How does frost wedging work?

28. Water freezes in cracks, expands, and forces the crack to enlarge

29. How do landslides cause rock to weather?

30. Falling rocks break when they hit the bottom

31. What is “unloading,” and how does it affect rock?

32. When the overlying rock weathers away it’s weight is unloaded from the lower rock allowing it to expand and crack.

33. What is “Chemical Weathering?”

34. Rock breaking down due to exposure to chemicals

35. How does acid rain affect chemical weathering?

36. It dissolves certain types of rocks

37. What is a “sinkhole?”

38. The top of a cave that has collapsed to the surface

39. What types of rock tends to support sinkholes?

40. Carbonates, which are: Limestone Marble calcite

41. What is a famous and beautiful example of chemical weathering?

42. Luray Caverns Mammoth Cave

43. . What can oxygen bring about in the rock?

44. Rusting, which expands and weakens the rock

45. What is “Biological Weathering?”

46. Rock breakdown that is caused by plants or animals

47. How do lichens start the weathering process in rocks?

48. They produce an acid that etches the rock and makes it ready for mosses to grow there

49. How does moss affect the weathering process?

50. It holds rainwater that may be acidic, & builds up soil for plants with strong roots

51. What is “Root Wedging?”

52. When plant roots grow into a crack in the rock and grow, causing the crack to enlarge

53. What is “tallus”?

54. A slow motion avalanch of small rocks down the side of a mountain. They slowly grind each other to bits

55. What rock is the first rock in the “Rock Cycle?”

56. Igneous Rocks were the first rocks on Earth

57. Why is one characteristic not enough to identify a mineral or rock?

58. Because many minerals share many of the same characteristics

59. What is the main thing that tells you when weathering is chemical?

60. Chemical reactions weaken or dissolve the rock

61. A Clastic sedimentary rock composed mostly of clay is called ________.

62. Claystone or shale

63. A Clastic sedimentary rock composed mostly of silt is called ________.

64. Shale

65. A Clastic sedimentary rock composed mostly of sand and rounded pebbles is called ________.

66. Conglomerate

67. A Clastic sedimentary rock composed mostly of sand and small broken rocks is called ________.

68. BRECCIA

69. What makes a sedimentary rock Organic?

70. Some part of it was once alive

71. An organic sedimentary rock composed mostly of tiny shells is called ________.

72. Coquina

73. An organic sedimentary rock that is made from disolved shells an deposited chemically by precipitation is called ________.

74. Limestone

75. Rock that was precipitated by evaporating water and was never alive is called _________ sedimentary rock.

76. Chemical

77. What are 2 examples of chemical sedimentary rock?

78. Rock salt and Gypsum

79. What is peat made of?

80. Moss

81. What is all coal made of?

82. Moss Ferns Ancient conifers

83. The first stage of coal that is a true rock is called _____________ or brown coal

84. Lignite

85. The second stage of coal that is a true sedimentary rock is called _________ Coal

86. Bituminous

87. Sometime after a thick layer of plants formed in the coal fields, what had to have happened to cause them to be covered with sedimentary rock?

88. The area flooded

89. Why must sedimentary rock always cover coal?

90. It provides the pressure that causes the non-carbon molecules to be driven out of the plants

91. Bituminous coal that becomes metamorphic is called ______________

92. Anthricite coal or hard coal This is NOT sedimentary, it is metamorphic

93. weatheringMechanicalChemicalBiological Ice wedging rockslide Root wedging Acid rain Water abrasion Wind abrasion Unloading Lichens Exfoliation Rusting

94. weatheringMechanicalChemicalBiological Ice wedging X rockslide X Root wedging X Acid rain X Water abrasion X Wind abrasion X Unloading X Lichens X Exfoliation X Rusting X

95. SOME STUDY IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED BY THE MANAGEMENT

96. The End? A Coyle Production