1. Landforms of Canada
CGC1P

2. Rock Cycle MAGMA Heats and melts Cools and hardens IGNEOUS
METAMORPHIC
Weathers, erodes, and deposits
Stresses or heats
SEDIMENTARY

3. Regions and Landforms
Sometimes things are easier to understand if we divide them up
A region is an area with certain characteristics that set it apart from other areas
A landform region is an area of the Earth's surface with certain physical landforms that set it apart from other areas

5. Regions and Landforms
Just like a tree stump Canada's oldest part of the country is the centre, it is called The Canadian Shield

6. The Canadian Shield
This region covers almost half of Canada. It is shaped like a doughnut, with Hudson Bay as its hole
Massive volcanic eruptions formed this area is stages 3 million years ago

7. The Canadian Shield
This region is covered with thousands of lakes and swaps that were caused by moving glaciers
The Canadian Shield is made up mostly of igneous rock
You can find many different metallic minerals here, including: gold, silver and nickel

8. The Canadian Shield
Mining, hydroelectric power and forestry are all important resources in this landform region
Scattered is how you would describe the population distribution of the Canadian Shield

10. The Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands
This is a low-lying area located around The Great Lakes and along The St. Lawrence River
This region is mostly made up of sedimentary rock
This rock really came from the Canadian Shield because of erosion
Most of this rock is 0.5 billion years old

11. The Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands
Why are the lowlands not made up of igneous rock?
They are formed from eroded sediment from the Canadian Shield that hardened into sedimentary rock, not by volcanism
What major impact did Glaciers have on this area?
Advancing glaciers scraped out basins, and when the glaciers melted they filled the basins and formed The Great Lakes

12. The Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands
This region is very heavily populated, especially along the waterways
2/3 of Canadians live in this region
The fertile farmland is being threatened by urban sprawl
Why is this region so densely populated?

14. The Appalachians
A key feature of the Appalachian regions is its many harbours
It has a unique mix of landforms and people
These now old mountains began to form 250 million years ago
List the three steps that caused these mountains to form and become what they are today (hint: plate movement, erosion, and raising sea levels)

15. The Appalachians
1. Plate movements folded up sedimentary rock on the ocean floor, forming mountains
2. Erosion ground down the mountains, forming hills with plains between them
3. Rising sea levels drowned low areas to create jagged coastline
Currently, the Appalachian region has about one-tenth of Canada's total population

17. The Interior Plains
In the 19th century this region was called The Great Lone Land
This region could be described as large, wide-open area, without mountains or trees to limit the horizon
Most of the Interior Plains is 200 million year old sedimentary rock

18. The Interior Plains
There use to be inland seas in this area, and as they filled with sediments fossilized sea life was chemically changed into oil and natural gas COOL!!
The Interior Plains is really suited to agriculture because of the thick layer of soil that was left behind from the Ice Ages

20. Western Cordillera
The word Cordillera means mountains, and it is a fairly young geological region
This is a complicated landform region
During the dinosaur age, plate movements folded the Earth's crust to form the oldest part in this region, The Rocky Mountains

21. Western Cordillera
Then, 65 million years ago, volcanic eruptions built the Coast Range along the Pacific Ocean
The interior plateau, which is an area of elevated land was formed by lava
Alpine glaciers sharpened mountaintops into jagged peaks and cut wide U-shaped valleys between them
This landform region is rich in resources, these include: coal deposits, metallic minerals, forests, orchards, tourists
One-eighth's of Canada's population live here

23. The Innuitians
The Innuitians are younger than the Appalachians, and older than the Rockies
They are mostly located on Ellesmere island
There is evidence that this region was once covered by a warm tropical sea, but not anymore, now these mountains are covered by large glaciers

24. The Innuitians How were the Innuitian mountains formed?
They were formed by the movement of plates, which folded up sedimentary rock from the ocean floor
The same process that created the Appalachian and the Cordillera region

26. The Arctic
This region is mostly made up of islands formed from sedimentary rock
This region was scraped bare by moving ice and then drowned by rising sea levels
The surface is very stony, with outcrops of bare rocks and very little vegetation

28. Conclusion Many different landform processes have shaped our country
Four factors have created a country with seven different landform regions
They are: size, time, mountain building and erosion

29. Canada’s Geologic History
Precambrian Era (4,600 millions to 570 million years ago)
Vulcanism
Fault
Ancient Sea
Igneous Rock

30. Canada’s Geologic History
Paleozoic Era (570 million to 245 million years ago)
Erosion
Erosion
Sediments
Sediments
Igneous Rock

31. Canada’s Geologic History
Mesozoic Era (245 millions to 66 millions years ago)
Erosion
Sediments
Sediments
Igneous Rock
Mountains Forming

32. Canada’s Geologic History
Cenozoic Era (66 million years ago to present)
Sedimentary Mountains Eroding
Mountains Forming
Sedimentary Plains
APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS
PACIFIC OCEAN
ROCKY MOUNTAINS
Igneous Rock
ATLANTIC OCEAN
INTERIOR PLAINS
CANADIAN SHIELD