1. Warm-Up Thursday, September 20  Obsidian is an igneous rock with no crystals, what type of igneous rock is it (extrusive or intrusive) and how do you know? Extrusive – no crystal formation – cooled quickly

2. What’s going on now? What’s going on now?

3. Activator

4. “The President’s Mountain’ is an iconic National Monument of the USA. The size of the four figures is awe inspiring. Each President's head is equal to the height of a 6-story building! The sculptures were created by using dynamite to blast away tons of rocks. Jackhammers, wedges, drills, and other tools were used to finish the job. The rock of Mt. Rushmore consists of fine-grained granite rock. This is one of the reasons it was chosen for the monument, because of granite’s relatively soft, grainy consistency. Also, granite is resistant to erosion. The Mount Rushmore National Memorial took 14 years to complete. It was completed in 1941 and cost nearly 990,000 dollars to construct.”

5. Mt. Rushmore Creator Geologists estimate that the granite at Mount Rushmore National Memorial will erode only 1 inch every 10,000 years.

6. He used MATH to determine the ratio of 1:12. 1 inch model: 1 foot on mountain To transfer measurements from the model to the mountain, workers determined where the top of the head would be, then found the corresponding point on the model. A protractor was mounted horizontally on top of the model's head. A similar, albeit 12 times larger, apparatus was placed on the mountain.

8. Sedimentary Rocks

9. Origin  Sediments are deposited  Sediments become compacted and cemented together  Usually has layers called strata The highest layer has the least pressure. The lowest layer has the most pressure.

10.  Sediment deposited in layers Deposition— Sediment is dropped into a new place Deposition— Sediment is dropped into a new place

11. What is Compaction? 1.Layer upon layer of sediments build up 2. pressure from upper layers push down on the lower layers.

12. What is Cementation? 1.Water dissolves minerals in soil and rock. 2.Mineral water flows between sediments 3.Mineral water crystallizes and sticks sediments together

13. Luck of the Draw  Explain how sedimentary rocks are formed. Begin with the first step, weathering. Student sitting in seat 35.

14. Stratification

15. Classification  Sedimentary rocks are classified into _____ types: 1. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks 2. Chemical Sedimentary Rocks 3. Organic Sedimentary Rocks By the way how are they By the way how are they classified?. classified?. How ?

16. 1. Clastic Sedimentary Rock  Made from broken fragments of other rocks.  Classified by grain size and shape

17. Shale Sandstone Conglomerate BrecciaConglomerate Angled Fragments Circular Fragments

18. 2. Chemical Sedimentary Rock  Formed from minerals crystallizing out of a solution  The solution is made of minerals and water. Halite (Rock Salt) stalactite/stalagmite

19. 3. Organic Sedimentary Rock  Rocks formed from once-living (organic) things. Ocean animals called coral create huge deposits of limestone. As they die, their skeletons collect on the ocean floor. Organic Limestone

20. Coquina  Coquina rock is a mixture of these small marine clams, crushed oyster shell, mollusk shell, fragmented fossils, fragmented coral, crinoids, limestone, red sand, white sand, phosphate, calcite, and perhaps a little clay.

21. Coal A natural dark brown to black graphite-like material used as a fuel, formed from fossilized plants and consisting of shapeless carbon with various organic and some inorganic compounds.

22. Stratification (Strata Layers)  The process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers.

23. The Grand Canyon

25. Providence Canyon, GA

26. Cloudland Canyon, GA

28. Science Terms to Know Sedimentary & Metamorphic Rocks 1. 1. Strata 2. 2. Stratification 3. 3. Sediment 4. 4. Clastic sedimentary rock 5. 5. Organic sedimentary rock 6. 6. Chemical sedimentary rock

29. 1. As a group, classify the sedimentary rocks on your table by how they were formed. 2. As a group, classify the sedimentary rocks on your table by grain size.