1. Coach Williams Room 310B

2.  Formation of Sedimentary Rocks

3.  Formed by cemented sediments

4.  Solid material  Deposited on Earth’s surface  Wind, water, ice, gravity, chemical precipitation  Form sedimentary rocks

6.  Earth’s crust is worn down  Physical or chemical processes  Clastic sediments- rock or mineral fragments ◦ Greek klastos = broken

7.  Removal and movement of rock fragments  4 Main ways: ◦ Wind ◦ Moving water ◦ Gravity ◦ Glaciers  Deposition- sediments laid down ◦ Land and water  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51C7vEAVbxk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51C7vEAVbxk

9.  Sediments become rock  Greek lithos = rock  Layers of sediment = pressure  Deep layers = hot temperature  Cementation- mineral growth cements sediment together

10.  Bedding- horizontal layering  Graded Bedding- larger/heavier fragments at bottom layers  Cross-Bedding- layer crossing over another one

12.  Preserved evidence of once-living organisms ◦ Remains or impressions  Found in sedimentary rocks

13.  Types of Sedimentary Rocks

14.  Clastic- deposited loose fragments  Chemical- dissolved minerals left behind

15.  Classified by sediment size  Coarse-grained: gravel-sized fragments  Medium-grained: sand-sized fragments  Fine-grained: silt-sized fragments  Porosity- % of open spaces

17.  Evaporation- leaves minerals behind ◦ Evaporites: rocks formed this way  Organic- remains of once-living organisms ◦ Shells, bones ◦ Coal- remains of plant material; carbon; fuel

18.  Energy- coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear  Fertilizers  Iron  Walls/buildings  Snapshot- cross bedding & fossils

19.  http://geology.com/rocks/sedimentary-rocks.shtml http://geology.com/rocks/sedimentary-rocks.shtml

20.  Metamorphic Rocks

21.  Temperature/pressure changes rocks ◦ Composition, minerals, texture  Meta = change Morph = form

22.  Regional: large regions  Contact: molten rock touches solid rock  Hydrothermal: hot water alters rock

23.  Foliated: minerals are wavy layers/bands  Non-foliated: no mineral grains in one directions

24.  http://geology.com/rocks/metamorphic-rocks.shtml http://geology.com/rocks/metamorphic-rocks.shtml

25.  Changing and re-making of rocks