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Earth Science Chapter 4 Rocks!
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What is the most interesting thing you learned during your research?
Bellwork What is the most interesting thing you learned during your research? Write it down and then we will talk about it!
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Rocks are classified using 1. mineral composition 2. color 3. texture
Classifying Rocks Rocks are classified using 1. mineral composition 2. color 3. texture
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Rocks can be made of one, or a combination of several minerals
Mineral Content Rocks can be made of one, or a combination of several minerals There are about 20 main rock-building minerals
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One mineral
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Several minerals
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Can help identify rocks Granite is usually light
Color Can help identify rocks Granite is usually light Basalt is usually dark
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Granite/Basalt
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Texture Texture Grain size Grain shape Grain pattern
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Fine-some only seen with microscope
Grain size Fine-some only seen with microscope Coarse-easily seen without microscope No visible grain-none seen even with microscope
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Grain pattern Bands Swirls Colored bands Random
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Banded
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Swirl
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Colored bands
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Random
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What did you find most interesting about the crystal presentations?
Bellwork What did you find most interesting about the crystal presentations?
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Igneous: forms from the cooling of magma or lava
Igneous Formation Igneous: forms from the cooling of magma or lava
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Igneous formation
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Sedimentary formation
Sedimentary rocks form when particles of other rocks or plant/animal remains are presses and cemented together
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Sedimentary formation
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Metamorphic formation
Metamorphic formation: forms when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
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Metamorphic formation
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You do it! Read section 2 about igneous rocks.
Create a classification chart describing how igneous rocks are classified Your chart should include information on origin, texture, and mineral composition of igneous rocks Charts should also include illustrations, all vocabulary words, and examples of igneous rocks
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What type of rock is created when lava is cooled quickly?
Bellwork What type of rock is created when lava is cooled quickly?
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Igneous Rock Classification
Origin On or beneath Earth’s surface Texture Depends on the size and shape of mineral crystals Mineral composition Dependent upon the amount of silica in the lava or magma
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Most common type is basalt Makes up most of the ocean’s floors
Origin Extrusive Rock: igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface Most common type is basalt Makes up most of the ocean’s floors
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Basalt
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Most abundant intrusive rock is granite
Origin Intrusive Rock: igneous rock that formed when magma hardened beneath the Earth’s surface Most abundant intrusive rock is granite
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Rapid cooling=small crystals, fine grain
Texture Rapid cooling=small crystals, fine grain Slow cooling=large crystals, coarse grain Extrusive=smooth, fine grain Intrusive=coarse, large grain
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Texture Extrusive Intrusive
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Mineral Composition Lava is low in silica and dark colored Magma is high in silica and generally light colored Geologists look at rocks under a microscope to determine the mineral makeup
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WHAT DID YOU FIND MOST INTERESTING ABOUT IGNEOUS ROCK FORMATION?
BELLWORK WHAT DID YOU FIND MOST INTERESTING ABOUT IGNEOUS ROCK FORMATION?
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SEDIMENTARY ROCKS READ SECTION 3 WITH A PARTNER
MAKE A FLOW CHART DESCRIBING THE FORMATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS YOUR CHART SHOULD INCLUDE: DEFINITION OF SEDIMENT 4 STEPS OF THE PROCESS INCLUDING EXPLANATION ILLUSTRATIONS
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Sedimentary process Erosion Deposition Compaction Cementation
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Natural forces break down and carry small pieces of rock
Erosion Natural forces break down and carry small pieces of rock
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Erosion
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Deposition The natural processes eventually drop the eroded rock/sediment and they form layers
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Discuss a scientific observation you made recently
Bellwork Discuss a scientific observation you made recently
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This presses the visible layers of sediment together
Compaction This presses the visible layers of sediment together
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Cementation During compaction, minerals dissolve in water, fill in gaps in the sediment, and act as a glue holding the newborn rock together
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Cementation
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CLASSIFY TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
MAKE A CLASSIFICATION CHART DESCRIBING THE THREE MAIN TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS CHARTS SHOULD INCLUDE DESCRIPTION OF ALL THREE TYPES HOW THEY FORM EXAMPLES ILLUSTRATIONS
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Classifying Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Organic Chemical
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Formed from rock fragments being squeezed together
Clastic Formed from rock fragments being squeezed together They can be small or large rock fragments Clay/pebbles
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Name three examples of clastic sedimentary rocks
Bellwork Name three examples of clastic sedimentary rocks
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Most common are shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia
Clastic Most common are shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia Most form from sand on beaches, ocean floor, riverbeds, and sand dunes
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Shale
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Sandstone
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Conglomerate
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Breccia
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Remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers
Organic Rocks Remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers Coal and limestone are major examples
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Coal forms from swamp plants buried in water
Over millions of years they turn into coal
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What are the three main types of sedimentary rocks?
Bellwork What are the three main types of sedimentary rocks?
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Over millions of years these make limestone
Animals with hard shells made of calcite die and fall to the bottom of the ocean Over millions of years these make limestone
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Limestone
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Form when dissolved minerals crystalize
Chemical Rocks Form when dissolved minerals crystalize Examples include ancient sea beds Could be from salt or dissolved limestone
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Chemical Rocks
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Section 4 Read Section 4: How do coral animals live?
How do coral reefs form? Illustrate this as well as writing your answer. What evidence do limestone deposits from coral reefs provide about Earth’s history?
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On your Own Read Section 5: 1. How are metamorphic rocks formed?
2. How do geologists classify metamorphic rocks? What are the different types of metamorphic rocks? Explain each. What are the uses of metamorphic rocks?
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The Rock Cycle Magma
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Rock Cycle
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If you complete the worksheet..
Read section 6: The Rock Cycle 1. Make an illustration of the Rock cycle and describe the steps/changes that occur 2. Answer the questions from all three section assessments 3. You may work with a partner, but every student must have their own work to turn in
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When you complete the questions
Answer the questions from all three section assessments You may work with a partner, but every student must have their own work to turn in Due Tomorrow!
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