1. CHAPTER 2
MINERALS AND ROCKS

2. S6E5. Students will investigate the scientific view of how the earth’s surface is formed.   S6E5b. Investigate the contribution of minerals to rock composition.

3. What is a mineral? Naturally occurring Inorganic Solid
Crystal Structure
Definite Chemical Composition

4. Identifying Minerals Color 5. Hardness Streak 6. Cleavage and Fracture
Luster 7. Crystal Systems
Density Special properties

5. Standards:
S6E5. Students will investigate the scientific view of how the earth’s surface is formed.
 ELEMENTS:
S6E5c – Classify rocks by their process of formation.
S6E5d. Describe processes that change rocks and the surface of the earth.

6. Identifying Rocks
Composition
Color
Texture

7. Texture Grain Size (Fine, Coarse, No Visible Grain) 2. Grain Shape
(Rounded or Jagged)
3. Grain Pattern
(Banded or Nonbanded)

8. Grain Size
Picture of Slate
(Fine grain)

9. Grain Size
Picture of Diorite
(coarse grain)

10. Grain Size
Picture of
Flint
(no visible grain)

11. Grain Shape
(Rounded Grain)

12. Grain Shape
(Jagged grain)

13. Grain Pattern
(Nonbanded)

14. Grain Pattern
(Banded)

15. Types of Rock
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

16. Rocks formed from magma or lava
Igneous Rocks
Rocks formed from magma or lava

17. intrusive or extrusive
Igneous Rocks
Classified as
intrusive or extrusive
(intrusive made from magma)
(extrusive made from lava)

18. Intrusive rocks are made from magma inside the ground
Igneous Rocks
Intrusive rocks are made from magma inside the ground
Example:
Porphyry

19. Extrusive rocks are made from lava above the ground
Igneous Rocks
Extrusive rocks are made from lava above the ground
Example:
Obsidian

20. Sedimentary Rocks
(formed through erosion, deposition, compaction, or cementation) Classified as Clastic, Organic, or Chemical

21. Clastic rocks form when rock fragments are squeezed together
Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic rocks form when rock fragments are squeezed together
Example :
Shale

22. Sedimentary Rocks
Organic rocks form where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers
Left: Coal
Right: Limestone

23. Sedimentary Rocks
Chemical rocks form when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize
Example: Rock Salt

24. Metamorphic Rocks
Formed from heat and pressure deep beneath Earth’s surface
Classified as foliated or nonfoliated

25. foliated rocks have their grains arranged in parallel layers or bands
Metamorphic Rocks
foliated rocks have their grains arranged in parallel layers or bands
Example: Schist

26. nonfoliated rocks have mineral grains that are arranged randomly
Metamorphic Rocks
nonfoliated rocks have mineral grains that are arranged randomly
Example: Marble

27. Example of Rocks.
Igneous Basalt, Granite, Obsidian Sedimentary Sandstone, Limestone, Coal Metamorphic Marble, Shale