1. Lab No 12 – Geological Maps Combination of Structures University of Sulaimani School of Science Department of Geology Practical Structural Geology Instructor: Halko M. Mahmoud 2014-2015

3. Throw = 20m Throw = 60m 220 240 260 280 300 320 240 280 260 300 260 280 300 320 260 280 300 320 280 300 240

4. Answers  Find the attitude of the strata. 270 0 /20 0  What are the attitude of the fault planes? Mark U & D on the map. 1 st Fault: (N60 o E/90 o ) 2 nd Fault: (N72 o E/90 o )  Find the throw of each fault. 1 st Fault: Throw=20M 2 nd Fault: Throw=60M  What is the type of the unconformity? Find its attitude. There is an Angular Unconformity that does not have attitude because it is a horizontal surface  Fill in the geological column with lithological symbols Sandstone Conglomerate Claystone Limestone Marl Youngest

5. Marl Limestone Claystone Conglomerate Sandstone C D H. & V. Scale: 1cm = 40m Elevation (m) Angular Unconformity N S Limestone Claystone Topographic Surface Distance (m) Marl Geological Cross Section along C-D line Marl

6. Geological History of the Area  The first unit (oldest unit) that deposited horizontally in the area is marl then followed by limestone and clay. Then the area underwent a period of deformation that tilted the strata.  Later the strata were cut by a vertical fault (F1).  The deformation has also resulted in uplifting of the strata and the area went through a period of erosion.  After that two other units deposited horizontally.  Therefore the surface between the tilted strata and horizontal strata is marked as angular unconformity.  The last event happened in the area is another vertical fault (F2) that cut all the strata to the surface.