2.  1. Subsurface Mining-Used for ores deeper than 150  a. Room and Pillar Mining 1. Large rooms cleared of ore 2. Pillars of coal are left to support

3.  3. When seam is done miners back out removing the pillars as they go 4. Coal is transported to the surface by elevators or conveyor systems

5.  b. Long Wall Mining 1. Entire face of coal seam is mined at the same time 2. A shearing machine removes 40 tons a minute 3. Giant teeth shear off the coal and it falls on a conveyor belt

7.  c. Solution Mining 1. Liquid is injected into mine and dissolves the mineral (like salt) 2. Solution is pumped out of the mine 3. Solution is evaporated to leave behind the mineral

8.  2. Surface mining-for deposits at or near the surface a. Open Pit mines 1. Mineral is mined by layers going downward 2. Explosive break up the mineral 3. Hauled to processing by huge trucks

10.  b. Quarry Mining 1. Building stones are removed from pit by crane (granite and limestone) 2. Sand, gravel, and crushed rock is quarried (called aggregates) 3. Clay, gypsum, and talc are quarried

12.  3. Solar Evaporation a. Used mainly for salt b. Sea water is evaporated in large ponds leaving salt behind c. 30 % of world’s salt is processed this way in developing countries

14.  4. Placer Mining-Used for minerals laying on the surface of the earth a. Streams transport and leave minerals exposed b. Deposits along rivers and coastline are mined by a dredge c. Behind the dredge the ore is separated from the minerals and released out the back(gold and Diamonds)