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Published byJason Allie Modified over 10 years ago
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Totalitarianism Governments had increased control during WWI Rejected liberalism Will of the masses dominated over the individual Obedience & participation Often radically nationalistic Could be far right (fascists) or far left (communists) Technologically savvy
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Italy 1919: verge of bankruptcy high inflation & unemployment unhappy with terms of Versailles Mussolini’s Fascio di Combattimento appealed to veterans; used brute force & nationalistic rhetoric 1922: march on Rome w/ his Black Shirts Il Duce
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Fascism in Italy Nationalistic ideology Militarization Rampant sexism Education; massive indoctrination & propaganda Loyal to landowners & industrialists; NOT the lower classes Secret Police; censorship Lateran Accords
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Fascist Youth
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State “Corporatism” 1926: National Council of Corporations created Guilds of employers & employees established to manage the economy Supported by small capitalists & the middle class; all felt threatened by the rise of Socialists Goal harmonize the interests of workers, managers and the state by abolishing class warfare. Reality This system hampered technological progress and destroyed workers’ rights.
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Weimar Germany 1919-24: Versailles’ punishments Ruhr, hyperinflation & unemployment National Socialism Beer Hall Putsch 1924-29: stability & prosperity Nazis organize & plan 1929-33: The Great Depression Nazis come to power Hyperinflation in Germany
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The German Mark
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1923 - Ruhr Valley Fiasco
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Weimar Republic Politics
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Unemployment during the Great Depression
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The Great Depression
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Spanish Civil War 1931: King Alfonso XIII abdicated; a Popular Front formed 1936-39: Spanish Civil War Nationalists vs. Republicans Franco’s Nationalists win “dress rehearsal for WWII” Picasso’s Guernica Republican At the Instant of Death
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Picasso’s Guernica
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The Democracies & Depression France: 1920s: Raymond Poincare Ruhr Valley fiasco Cartel of the Left 1936: Leon Blum’s Popular Front; “France’s New Deal” Great Britain: massive unemployment Keynesian Economics Massive Unemployment
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Culture Between the Wars Mass Media: radio & cinema BBC Goebbels’ The Triumph of Will Art: surrealism & modern art Dali’s Persistence of Memory Dadaism Literature: “stream of consciousness” Dali’s Persistence of Memory
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