1. The Menominee Native Americans
A diverse culture with a rich history
Michelle Smith
EDU 210

2. History

3. history Oldest continuous residents of Wisconsin
At the start of the treaty era, in the early 1800’s, the Menominee tribe occupied a land base of an estimated 10 million acres.

4. Brief timeline
1634: Jean Nicolet, French made contact with the Menominee
1775: Some fought against the American in the Revolutionary War
1812: War of 1812, Some fought against the Americans
1854: gave up lands except for a reservation on Wolf River in north-central Wisconsin
: federal status Terminated
Two part plan
1961: Menominee Tribe of Wisconsin was terminated, Tribal membership 3,270 Tribal land (Acres) 233,881
1972: Menomiee Restoration Act restored tribe

5. Treaties 1817 March 30, at St. Louis, with the Chippewa
1825 August 19, at Prairie du Chien, with the Sioux, Etc.,
1827 August 11, at Butte des Morts
1831 February 8, at Washington
1831 February 17, at Washington
1832 October 27,
1836 September 3, at Cedar Point
1848 October 18, at Lake Powawhaykonnay
1854 May 12, at Falls of Wolf River
1856 February 11, at Keshena

6. Spirituality

7. Spiritual beliefs
Believed that children and elders were closest to the spirits
If a baby was unhappy, a special healer would find out why. Often it was thought that a certain ancestor spirit has been reborn in the baby and wanted the baby’s name changed. Therefore, a naming ceremony was held to give that child that ancestor’s name.

8. Creation Story

9. Night and day

10. The Afterlife

11. Culture

12. Culture Algonquin speaking nation
Menominee refer to themselves as mameqtaw meaning “the people”
Other indian tribes call them menominee, derived from manomin- an algonkian word for wile rice as it is a staple food for the tribe. (mpm.edu)
French called them “the nation of wild oats”

13. Culture Lived by hunting, fishing and gathering Wild rice= staple food
Augmented by corn, beans and squash
Some food was dried in the sun to save for the winter
Boiling and roasting were common cooking methods
Maple sugar and syrup were commonly used as sweeteners and flavorings

14. Geography
Once occupied over 10 million acres of land which is now central and mid-eastern Wisconsin

15. Culture- Clans Clans Bear Eagle Moose Crane Wolf
(Facts and figures 2004)

16. Bear Clan
Speakers and keeper of the law

17. Eagle/Thunder Clan
Freedom and justice

18. Moose Clan
community or individual security

19. Crane Clan
Crane Clan: architecture, construction and art

20. Wolf Clan
Hunting and gathering

21. Current location Current location:
Current Menominee indian reservation is located about 45 miles northwest of Green Bay.
The reservation is 235,523 acres and countains roughly 223,500 acres of heavily forested lands

22. Affects on the tribes social and economic conditions today
Today Menominee are on their way to economic progress
Multi-million dollar organization
Provides employment to its people along with services such as a clinic, police protection, and a Tribal school

23. Comparison
lgonquian and Great Lake Tribessuch as  Ojibway (35,000), Delaware (8,000), Powhatan (9,000) Massachuset (13,600), and Cree (17,000)
Northeast
wigwams
wore little clothing except in winter - made from animal skins
huntersgatherers
trappers
planters
pow wowssnowsnake
Birchbark baskets and canoestraps
birchbark boxeswampum
dream catchers
Pocahontas (1585?-1622) PowhatanPontiac (1720?-1769) Ottawa
Tecumseh (1765?-1813) Shawnee
Black Hawk ( ) Sauk
Squanto (1585?-1622) Patuxet
Iroquois Tribes such as Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora (Total 5,000)
long house
mostly buckskin (skin of deer)
hunters planters gatherers tradersThree Sisters (corn, squash, & beans)
formed Confederacymany festivals
canoes snowshoes
False Face  Society wooden masks

24. Significance