1. “Working Forest” Silviculture 2012 Reforestation Council October 11, 2012 James D. Arney, Ph.D. Forest Biometrics Research Institute www.forestbiometrics.com

2. Cost Survey of “Working Forests” ► Confidential Requests for Operating Costs ► Responses from Private, Corporate, Tribal and Public Ownerships. ► Responses from Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho and Montana. ► Site Preparation, Planting, Brush Control ► Pre-commercial and Commercial Thinning ► Final Harvest and Fixed Annual Overhead

17. Economic Parameters ► Annual Administrative Cost – $23.71 /Acre ► Site Preparation – $103.80 /Acre ► Planting – ($139 + $0.36 / Tree) /Acre ► Vegetation Control – $140 /Acre ► PC-Thin – ($98.62 + 0.11 x #Trees)/Acre ► Harvest Cost – ($225 – $0.75/Mbf) /Mbf ► Log Values – $280 to $450/Mbf by Sort

24. Apply Costs & Revenues ► Yield Comparisons –  Site Classes 70 and 110 ( 4 and 8 meters/decade )  Clear-cut versus Seed-tree Regimes  Plantation versus Natural Regen w/fill-plant  Intensive versus Minimal Vegetation Control ► Impacts of –  Pre-commercial Thinning & Species Selection  Stand Clumpiness (35% - 96% Occupied)  Stand Stockability (15% - 100% Stockable)

67. “Working Forest” Summary ► Silviculture (Early) is most important factor ► Plantation yields approach twice Natural ► Value is managed by Species selection ► Don’t forget Initial costs (Admin & Silvics) ► Sustainable Capacity is key to Max $ Flow