1. WILSON’S FOURTEEN POINTS AND THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

2. WORLD WAR I ENDED IN 1918 n As a result of its role in World War I, the United States emerged as a dominant global power. n President Woodrow Wilson wanted to make World War I the war to end all wars. n He went to France to help write the peace treaty.

3. VERSAILLES CONFERENCE n Wilson came to the peace conference at Versailles with suggestions for a fair and equitable peace treaty. n These suggestions were called Wilson’s Fourteen Points.

4. Examples of Wilson’s Fourteen Points

5. Casualties of the War http://www.nv.cc.va.us/home/cevans/Versailles/greatwar/casualties.html http://www.nv.cc.va.us/home/cevans/Versailles/greatwar/casualties.html http://www.nv.cc.va.us/home/cevans/Versailles/greatwar/casualties.html Total casualties: 37 million Total casualties: 37 million Total killed in WWI: 10-11 million Total killed in WWI: 10-11 million 1 in 8 young men in France died 1 in 8 young men in France died 62% of all European men fought at some point in the war. 62% of all European men fought at some point in the war. Total wounded in WWI: 30 million Total wounded in WWI: 30 million Total amount spent directly on the war: $180,000,000,000 Total amount spent directly on the war: $180,000,000,000

6. “THE BIG FOUR” WHO WROTE THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES n Lloyd George--Great Britain n Wilson--United States n Clemenceau--France n Orlando--Italy

7. WHAT THE TREATY SAID ABOUT GERMANY n n Reduce its army, navy, & air force. n n Surrender outlying land and colonies. n n Redrew the map of Europe, creating nine new countries. n n Pay reparations of £6,600,000,000. Accept all of the blame for the war, the "War Guilt Clause".

8. Europe 1914 When War Began

9. Europe after the Treaty of Versailles

10. GERMANY REACTION n n Anger at the harsh treaty terms. n n Belief that they had not really “lost” the war, but been betrayed by political leaders.

11. STRENGTHS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES n It ended World War I. n The League of Nations was formed. n Some national groups were given their own countries.

12. Weaknesses of the Treaty n It failed to create a lasting peace. n The War Guilt Clause caused all Germans to hate the treaty. n It made Russia and Germany susceptible to Communism. n It forced artificial borders on nations without their input or participation. n It created a weak League of Nations.

13. EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES DIFFER OVER THE TREATY n The 14 points were ignored. n The U.S. Senate refused to ratify the Treaty. n The U.S. people voted Wilson out, in favor of Harding and a “Return to Normalcy.” n The seeds of World War II were planted.