1. Chapter Twenty-Six Organizing Persuasive Speeches

2. Chapter Twenty-Six Table of Contents zFactors to Consider in Choosing an Organizational Pattern zA Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches

3. Factors to consider: Arguments and Evidence Organization can depend on the type of claim: zClaims of policy = problem-solution zClaims of value = comparative-advantage z Claims of fact = cause-effect or problem-cause

4. Factors to consider: The Audience zOrganization can depend on the target audience and their feelings toward the topic. zRefutation pattern = Hostile Audiences zNarrative pattern = Sympathetic Audiences

5. Factors to consider: The speech purpose zThe type and degree of change you seek, also known as the speech purpose, can determine the organizational pattern.

6. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches: Problem-Solution Pattern zProblem-Solution Pattern: first demonstrate the nature and significance of the problem and then provide justification for a proposed solution.

7. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches: Problem-Cause-Solution Pattern zProblem-Cause-Solution Pattern: first demonstrate the nature of the problem, reasons for the problem, unsatisfactory solutions, and a proposed solution.

8. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence zDeveloped by Alan Monroe, Monroe’s Motivated Sequence provides an organizational pattern for planning and presenting persuasive speeches.

9. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence zStep 1: Attention zStep 2: Need zStep 3: Satisfaction zStep 4: Visualization zStep 5: Action

10. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence: Step 1: Attention zA persuasive speech should begin by getting the audience’s attention. zAddress core concerns of the audience.

11. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence: Step 2: Need zThe need step isolates and describes the issue. zGive the audience a reason to listen to your propositions.

12. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence: Step 3: Satisfaction zThe satisfaction step identifies the solution. zOffer the audience a proposal to reinforce or change their attitudes, beliefs, and values regarding the need at hand.

13. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence: Step 4: Visualization zThe visualization step carries the audience from accepting the feasibility of your proposal to seeing how it will actually benefit them. zInvoke the needs of self-esteem and self- actualization.

14. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches: Monroe’s Motivated Sequence: Step 5: Action zThe action step involves making a direct request of the audience to act.

15. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches: Comparative-Advantage Pattern zComparative-Advantage Pattern: organized by favorably comparing your position to the alternatives.

16. A Plan for Organizing Persuasive Speeches: Refutation Pattern zRefutation Pattern: address each main point and then refute it.