1. A Flawed Peace
Chapter 13-4

2. Learning targets I can……………………..
7. Explain the terms of the Treaty of Versailles
8. Discuss the reaction of both the U.S. and European governments to the Treaty of Versailles.
9. Describe the purpose of the League of Nations.
10. Explain the reasons the U.S. refused to enter into the League of Nations.
11. Evaluate the effectiveness of the League of Nations and The Treaty of Versailles.

3. The Allies Meet and Debate

4. Key Leaders Come Together
This group of leaders was known as the Big Four dominated the peace talks in Paris at Versailles.

5. United States
President Woodrow Wilson

6. France
Georges Clemenceau

7. Great Britain
Prime Minister, David Lloyd George

8. Italy
Vittorio Orlando

9. Wilson’s Plan for Peace
Wilson did not want to heavily punish Germany, the allied did.
Wilson proposes Fourteen Points—an outline for lasting world peace.
Calls for free trade and an end to alliances and military buildups
Promotes self-determination—right of people to govern their own nation
Envisions international peace-keeping body to settle world disputes (League of Nations)

10. Fourteen Points End of secret treaties Freedom of the seas Free trade
Arms reductions
Adjustment of colonial claims
Settlement of questions regarding Russian territory
Restoration of Belgium
Restoration of France’s territories including Alsace-Lorraine
Readjustment of Italy’s borders
Peoples of Austria-Hungary given self-determination
Serbia given access to the sea and can join with other Balkan states (Yugoslavia created).
Turkish portion of Ottoman empire sovereign, but other portions given self-determination. Dardanelles open to as shipping passage to all nations.
Independent Poland
League of Nations

11. The League of Nations
The U.S. Senate refused to ratify the agreement because it feared it would lead the U.S. into future conflict.
As a result the League of Nations was weak and did not prevent WWII.
As a result, the U.S. also did not sign the Treaty of Versailles.

12. The Versailles Treaty
Britain and France oppose Wilson’s ideas and want to punish Germany.
Allies and Germany sign an accord—the Treaty of Versailles—in June 1919.
Creates League of Nations—international organization to keep peace.
Blames Germans for war, forces Germany to pay damages (reparations) to nations.
League to rule German colonies until deemed ready for independence.

13. A Troubled Treaty

14. The Creation of New Nations
The Versailles Treaty, other peace accords change the look of Europe
Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire all lose lands
Former Ottoman lands in Southwest Asia turn into mandates
New countries in southeastern Europe
Russia gives up land.

15. Europe Pre-World War I

16. New European Countries Post World War I
Finland-land lost by Russia
Estonia-land lost by Russia
Latvia-land lost by Russia
Lithuania-land lost by Russia
Poland-restored from land lost by Germany and Russia
Czechoslovakia
Austria
Hungary
Romania-gained land
Yugoslavia

17. Mandates in Africa and Middle East
French Mandate of Syria
French Mandate of Lebanon
British Mandate of Palestine
British Mandate of Transjordan
British Mandate of Iraq
British Togoland
French Togoland
British Cameroon
French Cameroon
Ruanda-Urundi
Tanganyika
South-West Africa

18. “A Peace Build on Quicksand”
Treaty of Versailles creates feelings of bitterness on both sides
German people feel bitter and betrayed after taking blame for war
America never ratifies Treaty of Versailles
Many Americans oppose League of Nations and involvement with Europe
Some former colonies express anger over not winning independence
Japan, Italy criticize agreement; gain less land than they want

19. Impact of the Treaty of Versailles
It led to a spirit of revenge for Germany.
Japan and others were angered at not receiving consideration.
War would not be prevented and would in fact lead to WWII.