1. The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division
Chapter 7 Lecture
Chapter 7
The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division

2. Introduction
The appendicular skeleton is involved in changing your position in the external environment.
Standing
Walking
Sitting
Dressing
Driving a car

3. Introduction
Figure 7.1 The Appendicular Skeleton

4. The Pectoral Girdle and the Upper Limb
Includes the S-shaped clavicle (collarbone) and the flattened scapula (shoulder blade).
The clavicle articulates with the sternum’s manubrium; is the only direct connection between the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle.
The scapula is attached to the clavicle anteriorly but has no connection to the actual axial skeleton; instead skeletal muscles and ligaments support it.

5. The Clavicle
Figure 7.3 The Clavicle

6. The Scapula
Figure 7.5a,b,c The Scapula

7. The Scapula supraspinous fossa superior border subscapular fossa
acromion
coracoid process
glenoid fossa
spine
medial border
infraspinous fossa
lateral border
inferior angle
infraglenoid tubercle
supraglenoid tubercle
Figure 7.5d,e,f The Scapula

8. The Upper Limb Consists of the: Brachium (humerus)
Antebrachium (ulna and radius)
Wrist (carpals)
Hand (metacarpals and phalanges) 

9. The Humerus: Anterior Figure 7.6a The Anterior Humerus Humerus Head
medial epicondyle
anatomical neck
surgical neck
olecranon fossa
lateral epicondyle
Capitulum
greater tubercle
Trochlea
lesser tubercle
coronoid fossa
deltoid tuberosity
intertubercular groove
Figure 7.6a The Anterior Humerus

10. The Humerus: Posterior
Figure 7.6d The Posterior Humerus

11. The Ulna and Radius: Posterior
Head
Radial tuberosity
styloid process
ulnar notch
Ulna
Olecranon
styloid process
trochlear notch
coronoid process
radial notch
Figure 7.7a The Posterior Forearm

12. The Ulna and Radius: Anterior
Figure 7.7d The Anterior Forearm

13. The Wrist and Hand
The carpal bones are the eight bones of the wrist.
The five metacarpal bones articulate with the distal carpal bones and make up the palm of the hand.
The fourteen phalanges of the hand make up the finger bones.

14. Hand
SLTPTTCH

15. The Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
The pelvic girdle supports and protects the lower viscera and developing fetus in females.
The bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limb are much more massive than their homologues of the upper limb.
Consists of two ossa coxae bones.
The lower limb includes the thigh (femur), kneecap (patella), leg, (tibia and fibula), ankle (tarsals), and foot (metatarsals and phalanges).

16. The Pelvic Girdle Figure 7.10a Lateral Pelvic Girdle Ilium iliac crest
auricular surface
greater sciatic notch
iliac fossa
anterior superior iliac spine
posterior superior iliac spine
posterior inferior iliac spine
anterior inferior iliac spine
Ischium
ischial spine
ischial ramus
ischial tuberosity
Pubis
superior ramus
inferior ramus
symphysis pubis
pubic tubercle
Figure 7.10a Lateral Pelvic Girdle

17. The Pelvic Girdle
Figure 7.10b Medial Pelvic Girdle

18. The Pelvis
Figure 7.11a Anterior Pelvis
Figure 7.11b Posterior Pelvis

19. The Pelvis
Figure 7.12a Superior Pelvis
Figure 7.12c Inferior Pelvis

20. The Pelvis: Male vs. Female
The male and female pelvis contains numerous differences.
Generally the male pelvis is heavier with more prominent markings due to the larger muscles attached to it.

21. The Pelvis: Male vs. Female
Characteristics of the female pelvis:
Enlarged pelvic outlet, due to wider ischial spines
Less curvature of the sacrum and coccyx
Wider, more circular pelvic inlet
Broader, lower pelvis
Widely fanning ilia
Pubic angle greater than 100°

22. The Femur: Anterior Figure 7.14a The Anterior Femur Femur Head Neck
greater trochanter
lesser trochanter
intercondylar fossa
patellar surface
linea aspera
fovea capitis
medial condyle
lateral condyle
intertrochanteric line
intertrochanteric crest
Figure 7.14a The Anterior Femur

23. The Femur: Posterior
Figure 7.14d The Posterior Femur

24. The Patella
Figure The Patella

25. The Tibia and Fibula: Anterior
lateral condyle
medial condyle
tibial tuberosity
intercondylar eminence
medial malleolus
fibular notch
Fibula
Head
lateral malleolus
shaft
Figure 7.16a The Anterior Tibia and Fibula

26. The Tibia and Fibula: Posterior
Figure 7.16d The Posterior Tibia and Fibula

27. The Ankle and Foot
Seven tarsal bones make up the ankle.
The five metatarsal bones articulate with the distal tarsal bones and make up the arches of the foot.
The fourteen phalanges of the foot make up the toe bones.

28. Foot Tarsals Talus Calcaneus Cuboid navicular
cuneiforms - 1st, 2nd, 3rd

29. 3 Arches