1. The End of the War

2. Armistice  On November 11, 1918, Germany agreed to cease-fire and signed the armistice, or truce, that ended the war

3. Final Toll  22 million people died from the war, more than half of which were civilians  20 million people wounded  10 million refugees  U.S. lost 48,000 men in battle and 62,000 to disease

5. Wilson’s Plan  Wilson’s had a plan for world peace: Fourteen Points  With your group, read your assigned points and restate them in modern words. Write your words in the board.

6. Fourteen Points  First points designed to prevent another war  Next points dealt with boundary changes  The last point called for the creation of a League of Nations

7. League of Nations  An international organization to address diplomatic crises like those that had sparked the war  Forum for nations to discuss and settle their grievances without war

8. Allied Response to Wilson’s Plan  The Allies rejected Wilson’s Fourteen Points  Allied leaders met to consider the Treaty of Versailles instead of Wilson’s points

10. Treaty of Versailles  Allied leaders met in 1919 to discuss treaty  Germany and Russia weren’t invited  Nine new nations were established and other boundaries were shifted  Germany was prohibited from having an army and had to pay war reparations to the Allies  League of Nations would be created

12. Weaknesses of the Treaty  War-guilt clause forced Germany to admit sole responsibility for starting the war  Debt for Germany: $33 billion in reparations  Russia lost territory  Ignored colonized people who asked for self- determination

13. U.S. Debates League of Nations  Why would anyone oppose the creation of the League of Nations?

18. U.S. Debates League of Nations  Opponents, led by Henry Cabot Lodge, believed that the League threatened the U.S. policy of isolationism.  Isolationists wanted to stay out of foreign disputes (remain isolated)  The U.S. never joined the League!  Discuss with your table.  When should the U.S. become involved in foreign wars?  When should the U.S. practice isolationism?