1. The Treaty of Versailles (Ch. 13, Sec. 4)

2. What was the Fourteen Points Plan? President Wilson proposed a postwar peace plan (the Fourteen Points) He encouraged countries to put an end to secret treaties He recommended self-determination to allow nations to choose their own government He wanted to create new nations and change existing borders He called for a League of Nations to negotiate peaceful solutions to world conflicts

4. Who were the Big Four? The Big Four led the negotiations: Clemenceau (France) wanted Germany punished Lloyd George (Britain) wanted Germany punished Orlando (Italy) sought territory for Italy Wilson (US) worked out details of the treaty The other three rejected Wilson’s 14-point plan to prevent future war (League of Nations)

6. What were the terms worked out at the Treaty of Versailles? League of Nations (international peace organization) established (Germany & Russia excluded, US rejected it) Germany returned Alsace & Lorraine (France), gave up overseas colonies, reduced size of army, owed $33 Billion to allies in reparations Treaty established 9 new nations & shifted the borders in Russia, Germany, & Ottoman Empire War-guilt clause, reparations, & loss of territory left Germany determined to seek revenge

8. Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, & the Ottoman Empire all lost territory / new nations included Hungary, Yugoslavia, & Czechoslovakia; new nations became independent

9. Why did the United States reject the Treaty of Versailles? In 1919, US senate voted to reject Treaty of Versailles (League of Nations) Many Americans were afraid membership would diminish United States’ right to make its own decisions More importantly, US was afraid membership would only lead to US involvement in future European wars