1. Theme and Symbol

2. Author’s Universal themes
Theme is the _______________________ message about life or human nature.
Some writers present themes that only apply to a particular time, place, or situation.
Some themes are unique to a story as stated above, while others are recurring themes. Messages that appear repeatedly in literature.
Some recurring themes are considered__________________ .
These themes are recurring. They address big ideas so fundamental to human existence and true for most people that they occur in the literature of many time periods and cultures.
Universal themes

3. Good Triumphs over evil.
Common Universal
Themes
Believe in yourself
Your example

4. Identifying Theme Clues to Theme
Sometimes theme is stated directly by the narrator or a character. More often, the theme is implied, which means you have to do some digging to uncover it.
Clues to Theme
The Title : What does the title refer to?
Could the title have more than one meaning?
Characters: what lesson does the character learn? How does the character change?
Plot and conflict: conflict is central to the theme. What conflict is faced?
How is it resolved?
Setting: How does the setting affect the character or influence their actions?
Important statements: What statements are made? Can it be reworded as the overall theme?
Symbols: Does it stand for something beyond itself? What does it mean to the main character?

5. Symbol
An object, activity, place, or person that stands for something beyond itself. When an object represents an idea.

6. Myths and Legends
There once was a time when computers and cell phones did not exist. It was a dark and frightening time.
Events were explained through stories called myths.
Most Myths:
Were passed along through word of mouth
Featured gods or other supernatural beings who often show such human characteristics as anger or love
Reveal consequences of human errors
Explain how something came to be

7. The word mythology is Greek in origin (etymology)
Mutho= Story
Logo= speech or argument.

8. Greek and Roman Mythology is often called “Classical Mythology”

9. Gods and Goddesses in Classical Mythology
Greek
Zeus
Apollo
Hades
Poseidon
Hera
Athena
Demeter
Persephone
Roman Area of Power
Jupiter King of the gods; the sky
Apollo The sun; music
Pluto King of the underworld
Neptune Ruler of the seas
Juno Wife of Zeus; marriage
Minerva Wisdom
Ceres Agriculture; earth
Proserpine Goddess of the underworld; Demeter’s daughter

10. Creatures of Classic Mythology
Medusa
Minotaur
Centaur

11. Vocabulary
Use context clues to help you try to define the following terms:
The gods adorn her with special gifts.
She could no longer restrain her curiosity.
Zeus’ subtle punishment was not immediately obvious.
Her beauty and charm helped ensnare his attention.
Adorn- to enhance or decorate
Ensnare- to take or catch in something
Restrain- to hold back; to control
Subtle- slight; difficult to detect

12. “Pandora’s Box” and “Loo- Wit The Fire Keeper”
Myths vary from culture to culture.
They share basic features but differ in detail, style, and purpose.
As you read the myths “Pandora’s Box” and “Loo-Wit the Fire Keeper,” notice the similarities and differences between the two stories.
Also notice how the gods in these myths relate to humans.