1. Industrial Revolution

2. The Telegraph 1. Invented by Samuel F.B. Morse 2. Took only seconds to send information from one place to another 3. Brought the nation closer and made for quicker communication

3. Steam Engine 1. Invented by James Watt in 1796 2. An engine that is fueled by steam 3. Made the invention of the locomotive possible.

4. Steam Boat 1.Invented by Robert Fulton in 1807 2. Named the Clermont (nicknamed “Fulton’s Folly”) 3. Effects: a. Allowed ships to travel down and up rivers against the current; allowed ships to travel at a faster rate; made shipping goods quicker and cheaper

5. Locomotive 1. First invented by Peter Cooper 2. Tom Thumb was the first locomotive 3. Effects: Made transportation across land more quicker and shipping goods cheaper

6. Mechanical Reaper 1. Invented by Cyrus McCormick in 1834 2. Harvested crops by cutting grain faster 3. Led to more food production.

7. Henry Clay’s American System Henry Clay proposed the American System to help promote economic growth for the entire country. He wanted to foster interdependence between the three sections (North, South, and West) of the nation.

8. Parts of the American System 1. Establish a protective tariff (encouraged Americans to buy American-made products) 2. Establish a national bank with a single currency 3. Improve the country’s transportation systems (build better roads like the National Road and canals like the Erie Canal)

10. Why build the Erie Canal? It was built to connect New York City to the Great Lakes Region. An immediate effect was that farmers could more easily ship grain and other crops east.

12. Importance of the Second Great Awakening A renewal of religious faith in the 1790s and early 1800s Meetings were held where preachers attracted a large group of followers Famous preachers were Charles Finney and Peter Cartwright Led to reform movements such as prison, education, and labor.

13. What they preached: Anyone could choose salvation and be saved. Selfishness was a sin. Faith should lead you to help other people.

14. Temperance and Labor Movements Temperance The temperance movement is the campaign to stop the drinking of alcohol

15. Why ban alcohol? Men spend most of their wages on liquor, not enough on the family Alcohol was blamed for the problems of society like spousal abuse, family neglect and unemployment

16. Who protested? Most were women (wives) called teetotalers Several churches and religious organizations

17. How did they protest? Passed out pamphlets and flyers Signed pledges (some with over a million signatures) Formed organizations like the American Temperance Society

18. Accomplishments By 1851, 13 states had passed laws to ban the sale of liquor Most of them were later repealed The movement stayed strong into the 20 th Century (Prohibition would passed in the 1920s and end in the 1930s)

19. Prison Reform and the Mentally Ill In the 1840s, most people were put in jail because they were mentally ill. Dorothea Dix discovered that many of them were beaten and chained without receiving any treatment.

20. She gave lectures and speeches across the US and Europe for better treatment of the mentally ill. Her actions led to several publically funded mental hospitals.

21. This is the Tranquilizing Chair. It was used to restrain patients for hours at a time.

22. A whirling chair was also utilized. Spinning the patient until loss of consciousness occurred was thought to be beneficial because it rearranged the contents of the mind.

23. The confinement crib was used to restrain the mentally ill.