1. MODULE 2 NOTES Intro to Psychology

2. Psychological Perspectives  Method of classifying a collection of ideas  Also called “schools of thought”  Also called “psychological approaches”  To view behavior from a particular perspective

3. 6 Modern Perspectives 1. Cognitive * 2. Biological * 3. Social Cultural * 4. Behavioral 5. Humanistic 6. Psychodynamic * = the three most important/ influential

4. Cognitive Perspective For Example: When I was explaining why I wanted everyone to draw a picture for each vocab word.  School of thought that focuses on how people think – how we take in, process, store, and retrieve information  Behavior is explained by how a person interprets the situation  Focus is on THINKING AND THOUGHT PROCESSES

5. Biological Perspective For Example: Sleep studies. Psychologists monitor what the brain is physically doing when we are sleeping. They do not focus on the actual dreams we have.  School of thought that focuses on the physical structures and substances underlying a particular behavior, thought, or emotion  Behavior is explained by brain chemistry, genetics, glands, etc.  Focus is on ACTUAL BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE BODY AND GENETICS

6. Social-Cultural Perspective For Example: Alina’s example of having to go to the bathroom after class.  School of thought that focuses on how thinking or behavior changes in different contexts or situations  Behavior is explained by the influence of other people present, culture, cultural norms, etc.  Focus in on THE INFLUENCES OF SOCIETY, CULTURE, and OTHERS ON OUR BEHAVIOR

7. Behavioral Perspective For Example: http://www.y outube.com/w atch?v=nE8pF WP5QDM  The theory that psychology should only study observable behaviors, not mental processes.  Behavior is explained by previous learning  Focus is on how we learn through rewards, punishments, and observation

8. Humanistic Perspective For Example: Sports teams.  School of thought that focuses on the study of conscious experience, the individual’s freedom to choose, and the capacity for personal growth  Healthy individuals strive to reach their potential.  Focus is on how healthy people strive to reach their full potential and behavior is driven by this drive  Behavior is explained as being motivated by satisfying needs (safety, hunger, thirst, etc.), with the goal of reaching one’s full potential once basic needs are met.

9. Psychodynamic Perspective For Example: Freud.  Theory of personality and therapeutic technique that attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts  Focus is on how behavior is affected by unconscious drives and conflicts  Behavior is explained through unconscious motivation and unresolved inner conflicts from one’s childhood.

10. Behavior Genetics For example: Nature versus Nurture  School of thought that focuses on how much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences  Combines biological perspective and social-cultural perspective, as well as behaviorism  Emphasis on the importance of both genetic and environmental factors on behavior  Behavior geneticists study how genes and environment come together to influence behavior