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Published byTaylor Gapp Modified over 9 years ago
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Spot the thrust belts!
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Amazon S Brazil Niger Orange Nile Deep-water fold-thrust belts Angola
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Bonga discovery 2001 Water-depth 1,145m Reserves 600 million barrels Recoverable oil….
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Oceanic crust Akata Fm Agbada Fm
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What is deformation and what stratigraphy?!
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10 km
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See Fowler et al. 2004, Geol Soc Memoir 29 Kutei Basin, E. Kalimantan
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After Morgan 2004, Geol Soc Memoir 29
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Amazon S Brazil Niger Orange Nile Deep-water fold-thrust belts Angola
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Amazon S Brazil Niger Orange Nile Deep-water fold-thrust belts
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THICKNESS OF DRIFT SUCCESSION Gas Isopach (in km) After Jungslager, 1998 Orange Basin S Africa Data from SA Petroleum Agency
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NORTHERN ORANGE BASIN (Block 3B/4B – BHP Billiton) Pinotage prospect Extension up-slope balances contraction at toe
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SCHEMATIC PROFILE ACROSS NORTHERN ORANGE BASIN
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LATE CRETACEOUS TOE THRUST STRUCTURES
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Deepwater NW Borneo From Ingrams et al. Mar.Pet.Geol 2004
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Mud volcano (buried)
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Shale diapirs
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?
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Gas hydrate
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Artefacts Or Direct Hydrocarbon Indicator?
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Deepwater fold belts The down-slope contraction for gravitationally collapsing sedimentary prisms… Weak detachment (overpressured shale, salt) Controls on timing….(tilting, sediment loading) Controls on location…. (Toe of slope….Edge of Detachment)
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Branch line exercise Salt tectonics Controls in fold belts Salt movement and intrusion Vertical movement Lateral movement and salt allochthons
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ZagrosSalt Range Examples: fold belts where SALT acts as detachment
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Salt Range
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From McClay et al. 2004 (MPG)
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From Sepehr 2004 (MPG) foredeep Topography & seismicity
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Extrusion and flow of Salt Detachment on salt
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From Sherkati et al. 2004 (Mar. Pet. Geol. )
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Salt intrusion in outcrop Cambrian salt penetrating Quaternary sediments, Indus Valley, Salt Range
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Qeshm island, Iran 5 km
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www.ersdac.or.jp
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Seismic through salt domes and diapirs
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Diapir from Zechstein salt: Danish/Norwegian N sea
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Salt allochthons: Gulf of Mexico
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From Grando & McClay (Mar.Pet.Geol. 2004) Sigsbee escarpment
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From Grando & McClay (Mar.Pet.Geol. 2004)
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Frampton anticline: Atwater fold belt GOM From Grando & McClay (Mar.Pet.Geol. 2004)
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Movies from the Applied Geodynamic Lab, Bureau of economic geology, Uni Texas. Bruno Vendeville’s group Thin-skinned extension drives diapirism Lateral migration of sediment load migrates salt - Santos Basin, Brazil Toe-of-slope compression drives extrusion Open as Quicktime movies
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Key reading: Chapter 5 Salt Tectonics In: Evaporites by John Warren (1999). Blackwells.
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