1. The Rock Cycle Thinking about relationships among the major rock groups (Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic)

2. Also see figure 1.12 on page 16 of the student textbook.

3. 3 Major Rock Groups Igneous –Formed from a melt (i.e. molten rock) –Plutonic (i.e. intrusive): slow cooling and crystallization from a magma. –Volcanic (i.e. extrusion): quick cooling at the surface (lava). Sedimentary –Formed at the Earth’s surface. –Clastic (mineral fragments or grains, clays) –Chemical (crystalline chemical/biochemical precipitates) Metamorphic –Changed by pressure, temperature and hot chemical fluids.

4. Fig. 2.9 MAGMA

5. 5 Crystallization IGNEOUS

6. 6 MAGMA IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization

7. 7 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization

8. 8 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Uplift Crystallization Weathering

9. 9 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT Uplift Crystallization Weathering SEDIMENT

10. 10 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT SEDIMENTARY Uplift Crystallization Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition

11. 11 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT SEDIMENTARY Uplift Crystallization Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition Lithification

12. Remember Lithification = –Sediment turns to sedimentary rock by the processes of compaction and cementation.

13. 13 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Uplift Burial Increased P&T Crystallization Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition Lithification

14. Remember Note that the process of melting is not involved or associated with metamorphism. Note that the grade of metamorphism could be increased (e.g., low-grade metamorphic rocks to high-grade metamorphic rocks) as the conditions of metamorphism are increased.

15. 15 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Uplift Burial Increased P&T Melting Crystallization Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition Can you see any shortcuts? Lithification

16. 16 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Uplift Burial Increased P&T Melting Crystallization Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition Lithification

17. The rock cycle demonstrates the relationships among the three major rock groups. It is powered by the interior heat of the Earth as well as Earth’s momentum and the energy from the sun. It involves processes on Earth’s surface as well as the Earth’s interior. It connects the “hydrologic cycle” with the “tectonic cycle”. In Conclusion…

19. 19 MAGMA Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENT SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Uplift Burial Increased P&T Melting Crystallization Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition Lithification